Gas Laws and Properties

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Questions and Answers

According to the gas laws, what happens to the pressure of a gas if its volume is decreased at constant temperature and number of moles?

  • The pressure remains constant.
  • The pressure increases. (correct)
  • The pressure fluctuates randomly.
  • The pressure decreases.

A container of gas is heated while maintaining a constant volume. How does this affect the pressure of the gas inside the container?

  • The pressure decreases proportionally to the square root of the temperature increase.
  • The pressure increases proportionally to the temperature increase. (correct)
  • The pressure decreases proportionally to the temperature increase.
  • The pressure remains the same because the volume is constant.

A balloon is taken from a warm room to the outside on a cold winter day. What happens to the volume of the balloon, assuming the pressure remains constant?

  • The volume of the balloon remains the same.
  • The volume of the balloon fluctuates unpredictably.
  • The volume of the balloon decreases. (correct)
  • The volume of the balloon increases.

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

<p>The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the ideal gas law, which factor is directly proportional to the number of moles (n) of a gas, assuming pressure and temperature are constant?

<p>Volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 2.0 moles of gas are added to a container already holding 1.0 moles of gas, how will the pressure change if the volume and temperature are kept constant?

<p>The pressure will triple. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gas is compressed to half of its original volume and its temperature is doubled. By what factor does the pressure change?

<p>The pressure quadruples. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard temperature in Kelvin that is used in gas law calculations?

<p>273 K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A container with a fixed volume has gas at a pressure of 2 atm at 27C. If the temperature is raised to 227C, what is the new pressure?

<p>3.3 atm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sample of gas occupies 10.0 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the amount of gas is doubled, what is the new volume, assuming temperature and pressure remain constant?

<p>20.0 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What units are used to express the Ideal Gas Law Constant (R)?

<p>L atm/mol K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a gas is removed from a container with a fixed volume, what happens to the gas pressure inside the container?

<p>The pressure decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $P_1 = 830.26$ kPa, $V_1 = 9.357$ L, and $P_2 = 7.6978$ atm. What is $V_2$ in liters, according to Boyle's Law?

<p>9.963 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sample of C4H10 occupies 79.466 L, experiencing a change in pressure from 118.22 kPa to 4.7353 atm. What is the new volume in liters?

<p>19.585 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles's law, if a sample of radon changes in volume from 99.565 L to 90.06 L and the initial temperature is 468.61C, what is the final temperature in degrees Celsius?

<p>19.135C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gas occupies a volume of 10.0 L at 273 K and 1 atm. If the temperature is increased to 546 K and the pressure is increased to 2 atm, what is the new volume of the gas?

<p>10.0 L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A closed container of fixed volume contains a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gas. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 60 kPa and the total pressure inside the container is 101.3 kPa, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen gas?

<p>41.3 kPa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the average kinetic energy of the molecules within a closed container if the absolute temperature is doubled?

<p>It would double (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the intermolecular forces between gas molecules affect the deviation from ideal gas behavior?

<p>Increases deviation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Boyle's Law

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂. The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional when temperature and number of moles are constant.

Charles's Law

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure and number of moles are constant.

Amonton's Law

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂. The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when volume and number of moles are constant.

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT. Relates pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of a gas.

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Dalton's Law

Ptotal = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + ... The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each component.

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Avogadro's Law

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂. Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

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Pressure Conversions

1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg. These are standard conversions from one unit into another.

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Kelvin Conversion

Kelvin = °C + 273. Use Kelvin in gas law calculations.

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Ideal Gas Constant (R)

0.0821 atm·L / (mol·K). Used in the Ideal Gas Law to relate pressure, volume, moles, and temperature.

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Gas Compression

Particles get closer together, but do not change size.

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Heating a Contained Gas

Increases the kinetic energy, which then increases the number of collisions and force of collisions with the walls of the container.

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Cold Balloon Volume

The balloon shrinks because the gas inside cools, reducing the volume.

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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by each individual gas.

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Study Notes

  • The test covers gas laws and properties of gas
  • The test includes 5 short answer questions and 8 word problems

Formulas Provided

  • Boyle's Law: P₁ x V₁ = P₂ x V₂
  • Charles Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
  • Amonton's Law: P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
  • Combined Gas Law: (P₁ x V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ x V₂) / T₂
  • Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
  • Dalton's Law: Ptotal = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + ...
  • Avogadro's Law: V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂
  • Ideal Gas Law Constant (R) = 0.0821 atmL / molK

Conversions

  • 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg
  • Kelvin = C + 273
  • n = mols
  • Temperatures must be in Kelvin for gas law calculations

Short Answer Topics

  • Describe the behavior of gas particles during compression
  • Explain how heating a contained gas at constant volume affects its pressure
  • Describe the volume change of a balloon moved from indoors to a cold winter day
  • State Dalton's Law of partial pressure in your own words
  • Explain the drop in gas pressure as gas is removed from a fixed-volume container

Word Problems

  • Type 1: 9.357 L sulfur hexafluoride changes pressure from 830.26 kPa to 7.6978 atm, find the resulting volume in liters
  • Type 2: 79.466 L C₄H₁₀ changes pressure from 118.22 kPa to 4.7353 atm, find the resulting volume in liters
  • Type 3: O₃ at 3.3803 atm changes volume from 98.085 L to 27.883 L, find the resulting pressure in kilopascals
  • Type 4: A radon sample's temperature changes, causing a volume change from 99.565 L to 90.06 L; if the initial temperature was 468.61 °C, determine the final temperature in °C

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