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Questions and Answers
What type of radiation can the TLD measure?
How many TLD chips are there on each badge?
What property of the dosimeters is used to measure the neutron dose?
What does the thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) measure Hp(3) correspond to?
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What is the main aim of radiological monitoring personnel?
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Why is radiation considered a hazard that cannot be sensed directly?
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What does the radiological monitoring programme cover?
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According to the Basic Safety Radiation Protection, 2010, what are the objectives of radiological monitoring?
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What is the main medium of interaction used in gas-filled radiation detectors?
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Which type of gas-filled detector is best used as photon measuring instruments?
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What is the main characteristic of proportional counters that allows them to greatly amplify the charge represented by the original ion pairs?
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Which type of radiation are Geiger-Muller (GM) counters particularly useful for monitoring?
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What is the main difference among the three types of gas-filled detectors, ionization chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger-Muller counters?
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Which gas-filled detector is widely applied in the detection and spectroscopy of low energy X-radiation?
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What is the main advantage of ionization chambers over Geiger-Muller counters?
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What is the main process that occurs in gas-filled detectors when incident ionizing radiation creates ion pairs within the gas?
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Which type of radiation is best detected by an end window GM detector?
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What does the current in a free-air ionization chamber directly relate to?
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What type of radiation can end-window GM probes detect?
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Which type of detectors use semiconductors to maximize radiation capture?
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What solid medium is used in scintillation detectors to produce light after radiation interaction?
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What type of detectors have excellent energy resolution and large active volumes?
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What do film dosimeters consist of?
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What is the purpose of OSL, RPL, and TLD dosimeters?
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Which detectors have low noise, high detector efficiencies, and ease of miniaturization?
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What is the main advantage of using sodium iodide (NaI) and photomultiplier tubes in scintillation counters?
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What do luminescence dosimeters determine dose by?
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What can pancake GM probes detect due to their wider design?
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Study Notes
- Gas-filled detectors, specifically Geiger-Muller Tubes, are used for radiation detection.
- There are different types of GM tubes: end-window, pancake, side-wall.
- End-window GM probes are uncompensated and can detect alpha, beta, and gamma radiations.
- Pancake GM probes also have an end-window but are wider, allowing for faster detection.
- Side-wall tubes have an aluminum or stainless steel outer wall that can slide or rotate to expose the detector to radiation.
- Scintillation detectors use a solid medium, such as sodium iodide thallium-activated crystal (NaI(Tl)), to produce light after radiation interaction.
- Alpha particles can be detected using zinc sulfide (ZnS).
- Sodium iodide (NaI) and photomultiplier tubes are used in scintillation counter for detecting photons.
- Semiconductor detectors use semiconductors to maximize radiation capture and generate electrical signals.
- Germanium detectors have excellent energy resolution, large active volumes, and simplified fabrication.
- Silicon detectors have low noise, high detector efficiencies, and ease of miniaturization.
- Film dosimeters consist of a piece of photographic film in a holder with filters to distinguish between different radiations.
- Degree of blackening on the developed film can be compared with calibrated films to determine total dose and radiation type.
- Film badges can be kept as a permanent record but require dark room facilities, manual handling, and cannot be reused.
- Luminescence dosimeters determine dose by releasing trapped electrons when exposed to light or heat.
- The number of photons emitted is proportional to the dose, allowing for dose measurement.
- OSL and RPL use light, while TLD uses heat for electron release.
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Description
Test your knowledge about gas-filled detectors, specifically the Geiger-Muller tube. Learn about gas amplification, types of GM detectors such as end-window and pancake detectors, and their applications in radiation measurement.
