Gas Exchange in Animals - Practical Investigations
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the levels of carbon dioxide in exhaled air as compared to inhaled air?

  • They remain the same.
  • They are eliminated completely.
  • They increase. (correct)
  • They decrease.

    • Which component of the breathing system is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases?

  • Diaphragm.
  • Alveoli. (correct)
  • Trachea.
  • Bronchi.

    • When air flows into the human breathing system, which sequence correctly describes the pathway taken?

  • Nose → Bronchi → Larynx → Alveoli.
  • Nose → Pharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli. (correct)
  • Mouth → Trachea → Pharynx → Bronchi → Alveoli.
  • Mouth → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli.

    • What action occurs in the respiratory system during inhalation?

    <p>The diaphragm contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for the body to remove carbon dioxide produced by body cells?

    <p>It is toxic in high concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide on blood?

    <p>Reduces the oxygen-carrying ability of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoking lead to decreased efficiency of gas exchange?

    <p>By causing the walls of air sacs to break down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory disease is characterized by the destruction of air sac walls?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does inflammation have on bronchi and bronchioles in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>It narrows the bronchi and bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of increased mucus secretion in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Decreased efficiency of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the surface area for gas exchange in smokers compared to non-smokers?

    <p>It decreases due to wall destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is associated with the development of emphysema?

    <p>Destruction of air sac walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for individuals suffering from emphysema?

    <p>Reduced surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial structure involved in the path of air flow when breathing in?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the capillaries play in the air sac during gas exchange?

    <p>They facilitate the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of air flow starting from the nasal cavity during inhalation?

    <p>Nasal cavity -&gt; Trachea -&gt; Bronchi -&gt; Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between inhaled and exhaled air?

    <p>Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide than inhaled air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps in the process of breathing by contracting and expanding?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the temperature of the air as it passes through the air sacs?

    <p>It increases because it is warmed by the blood in the capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bronchi in the respiratory system?

    <p>Transport air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the inhaled air moistened by the water on the surface of the air sacs?

    <p>To prepare the air for better gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exhalation, which path does air take as it exits the lungs?

    <p>Alveoli -&gt; Trachea -&gt; Pharynx -&gt; Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary gas that moves from the air sac into the blood?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do capillaries play in the respiratory process?

    <p>They facilitate the exchange of gases between blood and alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about air composition is incorrect?

    <p>Exhaled air has a higher concentration of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is primarily involved in producing sound?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does gas exchange have on the temperature of exhaled air?

    <p>It becomes warmer than inhaled air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception is commonly held regarding inhaled and exhaled air?

    <p>Inhaled air and exhaled air have the same composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lung tissue when squeezed in water?

    <p>Bubbles are observed coming out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is primarily transported from the air sacs to the blood during inhalation?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does carbon dioxide play in the respiratory process?

    <p>It is produced by body cells during respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood assist in the gas exchange process?

    <p>It carries oxygen to body cells and carbon dioxide back to the air sacs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the air sacs after inhalation?

    <p>Oxygen enters while carbon dioxide exits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gas exchange in the air sacs?

    <p>To facilitate respiration by supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the movement of carbon dioxide during exhalation?

    <p>Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air sacs and is removed from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gas Exchange in Animals

    • Gas exchange occurs in animals as well as plants
    • Practical 7.12 investigates carbon dioxide uptake/release by mealworms
    • Experiment involves boiling tubes, mealworms, forceps, cotton thread, stoppers, and hydrogencarbonate indicator
    • 3 cm³ of hydrogencarbonate indicator is added to two tubes (A and B)
    • The initial colour of the indicator in each tube is recorded
    • Mealworms are placed in a plastic vial with small holes and put into tube A
    • The vial is placed in tube A, ensuring mealworms don't touch indicator
    • The tubes are stoppered to prevent air leakage
    • The setup is left for one hour
    • The colour of the indicator in each tube is recorded after one hour
    • Practical 7.13 investigates oxygen uptake/release by mealworms
    • The experiment involves boiling tubes, wire gauze, capillary tubes (with colour markers), ruler, soda lime, and mealworms
    • In Practical 7.14, inhaled and exhaled air oxygen and carbon dioxide content is compared
    • Inhaled air is different from exhaled air, it contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide
    • Practical 7.15 dissects pig lungs to observe their structure
    • Your teacher will guide you through the dissection and identification of pig lungs, trachea and bronchi, observe the color in the lungs
    • Observe the tissue, and the tracheal differences between those that smoke and those that do not
    • Practical 7.3 investigates the effects of smoking on pig lungs
    • In the experiment, cigarette smoke is introduced into pig lungs, observing colour and tissue differences
    • Tar and other chemicals in cigarette smoke decrease breathing efficiency
    • Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen carrying ability in blood
    • Smoking damages air sacs, decreasing their surface area for gas exchange
    • Smoking causes diseases like emphysema, chronic bronchitis, heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and mouth cancer
    • Smoking leads to decreased life expectancy

    Gas Exchange in Humans

    • The human breathing system facilitates gas exchange
    • Main parts of the system, such as the nasal cavity, nostrils, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, air sacs, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles are involved in bringing oxygen into the body and exhaling carbon dioxide
    • Oxygen from the inhaled air enters the blood in the capillaries inside the air sacs
    • Carbon dioxide in the blood moves from the capillaries into the air sacs when exhales.
    • The air sacs are warmed and moistened by the blood capillaries
    • The exhaled air is warmer and contains more water vapor than inhaled air

    Gas Exchange at Air Sacs

    • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between air sacs and the blood in surrounding capillaries
    • Inhaled air enters the air sacs, oxygen moves into the bloodstream, and the blood carries oxygen to body cells for respiration
    • The body cells produce carbon dioxide; blood carries the carbon dioxide back to the air sacs
    • Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the air sacs; it's removed during exhalation
    • Air in the sacs are moisturized by water and warmed by the blood in the capillaries
    • Exhaled air is warmer and contains more water vapor than inhaled air

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    OCR Gas Exchange in Animals PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the investigation of gas exchange in animals, specifically through practical experiments involving mealworms. It includes details on carbon dioxide and oxygen uptake in controlled setups using hydrogencarbonate indicators and other lab equipment. Test your understanding of these fundamental experiments and their outcomes.

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