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Questions and Answers
What effect does increasing the column length have on the resolution of an open tubular column?
What effect does increasing the column length have on the resolution of an open tubular column?
How does decreasing the column diameter in an open tubular column affect the resolution?
How does decreasing the column diameter in an open tubular column affect the resolution?
What is the primary effect of increasing the column temperature in gas chromatography?
What is the primary effect of increasing the column temperature in gas chromatography?
What is the main purpose of temperature programming in gas chromatography?
What is the main purpose of temperature programming in gas chromatography?
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What is the main advantage of using a narrow column in an open tubular column gas chromatography system?
What is the main advantage of using a narrow column in an open tubular column gas chromatography system?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the resolution in an open tubular column gas chromatography system?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the resolution in an open tubular column gas chromatography system?
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What is the key factor that determines the speed and efficiency of separation in gas chromatography?
What is the key factor that determines the speed and efficiency of separation in gas chromatography?
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What is the main advantage of using open tubular columns over older packed columns?
What is the main advantage of using open tubular columns over older packed columns?
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How can the resolution (separation) of two peaks be doubled without changing any other factors?
How can the resolution (separation) of two peaks be doubled without changing any other factors?
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What is the main disadvantage of using a smaller diameter open tubular column?
What is the main disadvantage of using a smaller diameter open tubular column?
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What is the typical length range for most gas chromatography separations?
What is the typical length range for most gas chromatography separations?
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Why are longer columns normally only used for very complex samples in gas chromatography?
Why are longer columns normally only used for very complex samples in gas chromatography?
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What is the primary function of the carrier gas in gas chromatography?
What is the primary function of the carrier gas in gas chromatography?
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What is the purpose of the column oven in gas chromatography?
What is the purpose of the column oven in gas chromatography?
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Which component of a gas chromatograph is responsible for measuring the amount of analyte present?
Which component of a gas chromatograph is responsible for measuring the amount of analyte present?
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What type of column is commonly used in modern gas chromatography?
What type of column is commonly used in modern gas chromatography?
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What is the primary factor that determines the resolution of separation in gas chromatography?
What is the primary factor that determines the resolution of separation in gas chromatography?
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What is the function of the septum in the injection port of a gas chromatograph?
What is the function of the septum in the injection port of a gas chromatograph?
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Study Notes
Gas Chromatography (GC) History
- Proposed by Martin and Synge in 1941, who later received the Nobel Prize
- First commercially available gas chromatographs were produced in 1955
GC Instrumentation
- Injector Port: sample is injected via a septum and rapidly evaporates
- Carrier Gas: inert gas (e.g. He, N2, H2) carries the vapor (analyte) through the column
- Column: open tubular column, commonly called a capillary column
- Column Oven: ensures sufficient vapor pressure for elution of analytes
- Detector: measures the amount of analyte and outputs the result to the computer
GC Column
- The heart of every gas chromatograph is the column
- Made of fused silica (SiO2), coated with polyimide for support and protection
- Column length: 15–100 m
- Open tubular columns offer higher resolution, shorter analysis time, greater sensitivity, and lower sample capacity compared to older packed columns
Column Temperature and Resolution
- Higher temperature: shorter retention time, but lower resolution
- Lower temperature: longer retention time, but improved separations
- Temperature Programming: changing the temperature during the separation improves separation and analysis time
- Resolution is a function of the square root of column length
Column Length and Diameter
- Longer columns: higher resolution, but longer analysis time
- Intermediate column lengths (20-30 meters) are commonly used
- Smaller diameter columns: better separations, but longer retention times and lower sample capacity
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Description
Learn about the components and temperature control in gas chromatography. Discover the features of open tubular columns made of fused silica coated with polyimide, and their application in separation techniques.
