Garment Dyeing Machinery Quiz

Garment Dyeing Machinery

• Garments conventionally dyed in paddle dyeing machines, which can be side-paddle or overhead.
• In paddle machines, garments move in a tank with limited liquor pushing through, affecting dye penetration.
• Suitable for loose-knitted items, but low agitation problematic for heavily constructed garments with thick seams.
• Liquor ratios for paddle dyeing vary from 25:1 to 40:1; heating methods include direct steam injection or indirect heating through coils.
• Early paddle machines were made from pine wood, then nickel alloy (Dyebrite), now predominantly constructed from 316 stainless steel.
• Innovations in side paddle machines include variable speed paddles, perforated paddles, and adjustable paddle lengths.
• Overhead paddle machines are more prevalent in the U.S. and Far East; high-temperature versions are also available.
• 'Smith Drums' used in ladies hosiery industry feature rotating perforated drums but suffer from insufficient agitation for modern dyeing needs.
• Front-loading washing machines can serve low dip, non-sophisticated dyeing for cotton materials, initially designed for laundry or woolen garment industries.
• Notable developments in the 1960s-1970s included:
  • Solvent dyeing using modified dry cleaning units.
  • Dyeing with toroidal action machines.
  • Foam dyeing processes designed for low liquor Sancowad techniques.

Solvent Dyeing

• In the 1970s, efforts focused on garment dyeing using chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as perchloroethylene.
• Modified dry cleaning machines were utilized for limited applications, primarily for synthetic fabrics like Tricel and Polyester.
• Development of dispersed dyestuffs enabled dyeing from 100% perchloroethylene, while other dyestuffs necessitated emulsions.
• Solvent dyeing processes were limited in application and eventually replaced by low liquor ratio machines and methods.

Toroidal Machines

• Originated from Pegg K-type scouring and milling machines for wool garments, using a unique liquor circulation method.
• Liquor is pumped into a vessel with garment carriers, directing flow to the vessel's circumference and descending into the chamber by gravity.
• High-temperature Toroid machines emerged in the early 1970s to accommodate large volumes of fully fashioned garments in synthetic fabrics like Tricel and Polyester.
• Liquor ratios in Toroidal machines can reach up to 40:1, favored for their gentle action compared to traditional dyeing methods.

Test your knowledge on garment dyeing machinery, specifically focusing on paddle dyeing techniques. This quiz covers the essentials of how these machines operate, including their design and implications for different types of garments. Suitable for students or professionals in the textile industry.