Garment Dyeing Machinery Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which type of dyeing was developed during the 1970s for synthetic fabrics such as Tricel and Polyester?

Foam dyeing

Batch dyeing

Natural dyeing

Solvent dyeing (correct)

What action characterizes the operation of toroidal dyeing machines?

Static immersion of garments

Centrifugal force application

Mechanical agitation of the garment

Pumped action of the liquor (correct)

What was a significant limitation of solvent dyeing in the 1970s?

It was only suitable for natural fabrics

It used only solid dye types

It required high water consumption

It was limited in application (correct)

What advancement in dyeing equipment occurred during the 1960s and 1970s?

<p>Introduction of the toroidal action in machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of solvent dyeing, what role did chlorinated hydrocarbons play?

<p>They acted as a medium for carrying water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Garment Dyeing Machinery

Garments conventionally dyed in paddle dyeing machines, which can be side-paddle or overhead.
In paddle machines, garments move in a tank with limited liquor pushing through, affecting dye penetration.
Suitable for loose-knitted items, but low agitation problematic for heavily constructed garments with thick seams.
Liquor ratios for paddle dyeing vary from 25:1 to 40:1; heating methods include direct steam injection or indirect heating through coils.
Early paddle machines were made from pine wood, then nickel alloy (Dyebrite), now predominantly constructed from 316 stainless steel.
Innovations in side paddle machines include variable speed paddles, perforated paddles, and adjustable paddle lengths.
Overhead paddle machines are more prevalent in the U.S. and Far East; high-temperature versions are also available.
'Smith Drums' used in ladies hosiery industry feature rotating perforated drums but suffer from insufficient agitation for modern dyeing needs.
Front-loading washing machines can serve low dip, non-sophisticated dyeing for cotton materials, initially designed for laundry or woolen garment industries.
Notable developments in the 1960s-1970s included:
- Solvent dyeing using modified dry cleaning units.
- Dyeing with toroidal action machines.
- Foam dyeing processes designed for low liquor Sancowad techniques.

Solvent Dyeing

In the 1970s, efforts focused on garment dyeing using chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as perchloroethylene.
Modified dry cleaning machines were utilized for limited applications, primarily for synthetic fabrics like Tricel and Polyester.
Development of dispersed dyestuffs enabled dyeing from 100% perchloroethylene, while other dyestuffs necessitated emulsions.
Solvent dyeing processes were limited in application and eventually replaced by low liquor ratio machines and methods.

Toroidal Machines

Originated from Pegg K-type scouring and milling machines for wool garments, using a unique liquor circulation method.
Liquor is pumped into a vessel with garment carriers, directing flow to the vessel's circumference and descending into the chamber by gravity.
High-temperature Toroid machines emerged in the early 1970s to accommodate large volumes of fully fashioned garments in synthetic fabrics like Tricel and Polyester.
Liquor ratios in Toroidal machines can reach up to 40:1, favored for their gentle action compared to traditional dyeing methods.

Description

Test your knowledge on garment dyeing machinery, specifically focusing on paddle dyeing techniques. This quiz covers the essentials of how these machines operate, including their design and implications for different types of garments. Suitable for students or professionals in the textile industry.