Echographie du foie

<p>12 to 15 portal triads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of coagulation abnormalities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquired hepatic insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may not reach the lowest packed cell volume (PCV). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 ± 0.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color Doppler ultrasound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To check for the presence of bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using acoustic coupling gel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoechoic with an isoechoic center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erroneous measurement of copper concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patent ductus venosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relatively slow and nearly uniform (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory motion of the diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 ± 7.6 cm/sec (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatic sinusoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as an insulating conduit from variable pressures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have thin and well-defined walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may occur in up to 70% of older dogs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is often isoechoic to surrounding liver parenchyma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 - 8 years old. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquired cysts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverberation artifacts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may vary from isoechoic to moderately hyperechoic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always well-defined. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5 times more common (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoechoic rims and isoechoic centers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemangioma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>74% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benign cholangiocarcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More common than metastatic tumors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target lesion with a hypoechoic rim and hyperechoic center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphosarcoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focal hypoechoic masses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focal hypoechoic masses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target lesions in the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can suggest malignancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target lesion with a characteristic appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patent ductus venosus detected after the first few weeks of life is considered abnormal, requiring confirmation with additional tests.

Confirmation of an abnormal patent ductus venosus requires other tests like laboratory results, scintigraphy, or CT angiography.

Normal portal blood flow velocity is slow and relatively uniform in the main portal vein, with small fluctuations.

The portal vein is insulated from varying pressures and flows found in arteries and systemic veins due to its connection to intestinal capillaries and hepatic sinusoids.

Small velocity fluctuations in the portal vein are believed to result from diaphragm respiratory movements.

Average portal blood flow velocity in normal, unsedated dogs is typically around 18-19 cm/sec.

A B-mode image is a type of duplex image showing the internal structures like gallbladder, liver lobes, and hepatic veins.

A pulsed wave doppler image of the normal hepatic vein demonstrates its characteristics, like sample gate with angle correction.

The speed of blood flow in the portal vein of a dog, typically around 210-223 cm/sec.

A measure of resistance in the hepatic artery, often used to evaluate liver blood flow in dogs and potentially in humans.

Liver tissue that appears with a mix of different echo intensities (brightness levels) in an ultrasound image.

Liver lesions with a hypoechoic (dark) rim and an isoechoic/hyperechoic (similar/lighter) center in an ultrasound image, often associated with neoplasia.

Blood clot within the portal vein, which can affect the flow of blood to the liver.

Average hepatic arterial resistance index in healthy dogs, typically around 0.68.

A type of ultrasound imaging that uses color to display blood flow direction.

The significance of measuring hepatic arterial resistance index (RI) in dogs in clinical practice is still under investigation. Results are not yet conclusive.

Ultrasound imaging of the liver is not a reliable method for determining if liver disease is present or not. Microscopic evidence of disease might be present even if the ultrasound appears normal.

Having a sufficient number of portal triads (structures within the liver) in a liver biopsy sample is crucial for accurate diagnosis. A range of 3 - 12 portal triads is sufficient, but optimal samples should have 12-15.

Methods such as needle biopsies, laparoscopic procedures, or laparotomy can be used to collect liver biopsies. All should aim to collect a sufficient number of portal triads.

Before doing a liver biopsy, the skin is cleaned and the area is prepared to ensure a clear view for the ultrasound.

Patients (or animals) should be closely monitored. Full recovery can take up to 24 hours to see the lowest Packed Cell Volume (PCV).

Optimal liver biopsy samples for hepatitis assessment should contain at least 12-15 portal triads.

Adequate biopsy samples should allow for analysis of copper deposits in the liver to diagnose and measure copper levels properly.

The use of liver biopsies needs to be carefully evaluated in patients with abnormal blood clotting. Risk to benefit ratio needs to be studied.

Hepatic cysts are characterized by thin walls, no internal echoes, sharp borders, and strong distal acoustic enhancement. They can be congenital or acquired.

Nodular hyperplasia is a common benign liver condition, often seen in older dogs. Its appearance varies and may be similar to other liver issues on ultrasounds.

Isoechoic lesions have the same brightness as the surrounding liver tissue, making them difficult to detect in ultrasound images.

Nodular hyperplasia is often not easily seen on standard ultrasound due to its resemblance to the liver’s normal structure.

Stronger-than-normal sound waves coming from behind a cyst.

Echoes from the cyst's wall that may look like irregularities, but are harmless.

Hepatic cysts can occur as a single cyst or in multiple locations.

Cysts outside the biliary tract, often forming from problems in this tract.

Tumors that spread to the liver from other parts of the body.

Tumors originating in the liver itself.

Most common primary liver tumor in dogs.

Liver nodules with a hypoechoic rim and an echo-genic or isoechoic center, often associated with malignancy.

Ultrasound is a readily available imaging method for liver evaluation although CT scans give more detailed views of the liver.

Can be detected with ultrasound by finding larger focal hepatic masses in dogs with peritoneal effusion.

Ultrasound alone cannot directly determine if a focal liver lesion is benign or malignant. This might need additional assessment.

Finding one or multiple target lesions in the liver or spleen can suggest a higher possibility of malignancy (74%-81%).

A type of liver cancer in dogs and cats, often appearing as target lesions or focal masses on ultrasound.

A liver lesion with a dark (hypoechoic) rim and a bright (hyperechoic) center visible on ultrasound.

A localized, dark area in the liver seen on ultrasound imaging.

The liver is affected throughout, not just in a single area; seen on ultrasound.

A cancer that arises from the bile ducts in the liver, sometimes visible on ultrasound.

A type of cancer that originates from immune cells in the liver, visible as focal hypoechoic masses on ultrasound.

Cancer arising from lymphatic cells within the liver, appearing as multiple hypoechoic nodules on ultrasound.

A diagnostic technique used to visualize liver structure and abnormalities.