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Questions and Answers
What was the immediate cause of Mahatma Gandhi's call for a hartal on 6 April?
What action did General Dyer take during the Jallianwalla Bagh incident?
Which of the following best describes the strategy of satyagraha as used by Gandhi?
What was the response of the British administration to the nationalist movements after April 6?
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What did General Dyer claim was his objective in his actions at Jallianwalla Bagh?
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How did the people respond to the news of the Jallianwalla Bagh incident?
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What type of political power did the Act give to the government?
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Which events contributed to the escalation of resistance movements in India?
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What was the primary symbol that Mahatma Gandhi used to unite the nation during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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What was one of the key demands made by Mahatma Gandhi in his letter to Viceroy Irwin?
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What was the consequence mentioned in Gandhi's letter if the demands were not met by the specified date?
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From where did Gandhi begin his famous Salt March?
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How long was Gandhi's Salt March?
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Which day did Gandhi reach Dandi and violate the salt law?
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What was the main purpose of the Salt March?
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What was the significance of the salt tax in the context of British rule in India?
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What special powers did Alluri Sitaram Raju claim to possess?
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What was Raju's perspective on achieving India's independence?
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How did Raju's followers view him?
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What was the reaction of plantation workers in Assam to the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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What restriction was imposed on plantation workers under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
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What was Raju executed for?
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What did freedom mean for the plantation workers in Assam?
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What was one of the major actions taken by the Gudem rebels?
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What was the reaction of Jawaharlal Nehru after witnessing the police firing at peasants?
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Which principle did Nehru emphasize to the gathered peasants after the police firing?
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What led to the militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh?
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What common sentiment did the hill people share regarding their traditional rights?
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What act triggered the revolt among the hill people in the Gudem Hills?
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During which decade did the events described about Nehru and the Gudem Hills take place?
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How did the peasants near Rae Bareli behave according to Nehru's description?
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What was a defining characteristic of the guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills?
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What was the Congress's stance on including workers' demands in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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What was a significant aspect of women's participation during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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Who primarily made up the urban women participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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How did women view their role during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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What was one outcome of women's increased public participation during the movement?
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What was one activity women did during the salt march?
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Why might the Congress have hesitated to incorporate workers' demands in their agenda?
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What demographic of women participated prominently in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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Study Notes
The Rowlatt Act and Gandhi's Satyagraha
- The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, giving the government immense power to suppress political dissent.
- It allowed for the detention of political prisoners without trial for up to two years.
- Mahatma Gandhi called for non-violent civil disobedience against the unjust law, beginning with a hartal (general strike) on April 6th, 1919.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- On April 10th, 1919, British police opened fire on a peaceful procession in Amritsar, leading to widespread violence.
- Martial law was imposed, and General Dyer took command.
- On April 13th, 1919, Dyer led British troops in opening fire on a crowd of unarmed civilians gathered in the enclosed space of Jallianwala Bagh, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
Jawaharlal Nehru and Non-Violence
- In 1921, police fired upon peasants near Rae Bareli, prompting Jawaharlal Nehru to address the gathering.
- He was initially filled with anger and a desire for retaliatory violence but ultimately chose to uphold the principles of non-violence.
- Nehru emphasized the importance of Mahatma Gandhi's leadership in maintaining peaceful protest in the face of provocation.
Alluri Sitaram Raju and the Gudem Rebellion
- In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement emerged in the 1920s in response to colonial policies that restricted access to forests for resource gathering and livelihood.
- Alluri Sitaram Raju, a charismatic leader, claimed to have special powers and led the rebellion, advocating for the use of force to achieve independence.
- He revered Gandhi and promoted the adoption of Khadi and non-alcohol consumption but believed that true freedom could only be achieved through armed resistance.
Swaraj in the Plantations
- Plantation workers in Assam viewed swaraj as the right to move freely, retain their connection to their villages, and challenge the restrictions imposed by the Inland Emigration Act of 1859.
- Thousands of plantation workers defied authorities and left their workplaces to return home during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi and the Salt Satyagraha
- In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin outlining eleven demands for self-governance and independence.
- The Salt Satyagraha, a civil disobedience campaign, was launched in response to the British government's monopoly on salt production and the discriminatory salt tax, which impacted all Indians.
- Gandhi's Salt March (also known as the Dandi March) began on March 12th, 1930, and spanned 240 miles from the Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat, where Gandhi ceremonially made salt by boiling seawater on April 6th.
Women's Participation in the Nationalist Movement
- Women played a significant role in the Civil Disobedience Movement, coming out of their homes to participate in protest marches, salt production, and picketing.
- Their participation in the movement challenged traditional gender roles and provided a platform for their voices to be heard.
- Although their increased public role highlighted their contribution to the nation, significant societal structures that limited women's freedoms remained unchanged during this time.
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Description
Explore the historical context of the Rowlatt Act and the emergence of Gandhi's Satyagraha movement. Learn about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and its impact on Indian independence. This quiz covers key events that shaped the struggle against British colonial rule in India.
