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Questions and Answers
What is the result of a deletion in chromosomes?
At what week do the primordial gonadal cells (PGC) migrate to the genital ridges?
What is the role of the SRY gene in sexual differentiation?
What is the process called when chromosomes exchange segments?
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What is the total number of follicles present in each human ovary?
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What is the term for the immature oocytes distributed throughout the ovary in follicles?
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What is the term for the migration of primordial germ cells to the ovary?
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What is the result of a Cri du chat syndrome?
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What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis?
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What is the total number of chromosomes present in a somatic cell?
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What is the process by which germ cells increase in number?
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What is the term for the union of male and female gametes?
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What is the process by which the chromosomal number is reduced in gametes?
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What is the type of chromosomal anomaly where a part of a chromosome breaks off and is attached to another?
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What is the process by which a somatic cell divides to give rise to two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell?
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What is the number of chromosomes present in a gamete?
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Study Notes
Gametogenesis
- Gametogenesis is the conversion of germ cells into male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte)
- Each gamete (maternal and paternal) contains a haploid number of 23 chromosomes
Oogenesis
- Oogenesis is the process of producing ova (female gametes)
- Oogonium differentiates into ovum
- Immature oocytes are distributed throughout the ovary in follicles
- A total of 200,000 to 400,000 follicles are present in each human ovary
- Each follicle contains a single oogonium
- Few oogonia reach maturity (typically fewer than 400 oocytes mature and are released by ovulation)
Location of Oocyte
- Location of oocyte depends on its maturity
- Primordial follicles are most prevalent in the stroma (near the outside)
- Oocytes become more centrally located as they mature
Primordial Germ Cells
- Primordial germ cells migrate to the ovary during fetal and embryonic development
- Differentiation of primordial germ cell into an unfertilized egg requires:
- Proliferation
- Growth in size
Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis: a process where a cell divides to give rise to 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
- Meiosis: a process that takes place in germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells)
- Meiosis requires two cell divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Numerical chromosomal anomalies: non-disjunction leads to the formation of daughter cells with unequal chromosome numbers (e.g. trisomy, monosomy)
- Structural chromosomal anomalies: do not affect the total chromosome number, but have serious consequences (e.g. translocation, deletion)
- Examples of structural chromosomal anomalies: Cri-du-chat syndrome (always occurs at chromosome 5)
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Description
This quiz covers the process of gametogenesis, specifically oogenesis, and compares it with spermatogenesis. Learn about the phases of oogenesis and the formation of male and female gametes.
