47 Questions
When modifying a game using the 9 step inclusion process one should only modify when necessary, to the extent necessary and without jeopardizing the integrity of the game.
True
Within the 9 step inclusion process what are the 5 modifiable categories (in step 8)?
Participants, activity, environment, equipment, methods of instruction
Briefly explain any 3 of the 5 Modifiable factors within the 9 step inclusion process.
• Participants – e.g. participant groupings; participant’s role in the activity; methods of locomotion to be utilized • Activity – e.g. rules; skills; methods of scoring; timing aspects; nature of the activity • Environment - e.g. organizational aspects; any aspect related to space and distance; site selection such as surface of playing area
Barriers to Inclusion can only be internal.
False
What are the 9 steps steps to inclusion based on the Active Living Alliances 9 step inclusion process?
Obtain Information identify support define safety concerns assess skills set realistic objectives contribute to I.E.P. select activities make modifications implement and evaluate
What are 3 common images seen about people with disability and how they are portrayed?
posterchild, supercrip, cripsploitation
Name any 5 of the 10 common stereotypes (Brayton, 2005) and explain them
• Stereotype 1: To be pitied • Stereotype 2: Victims • Stereotype 3: Sinister or Evil • Stereotype 4: Exotic, Curious • Stereotype 5: Triumph Over Tragedy • Stereotype 6: Laughable/Entertainment • Stereotype 7: Resentful and Hostile • Stereotype 8: Burden to/Dependent on others • Stereotype 9: Non-Sexual • Stereotype 10: Cannot participate fully in everyday life
Disability is often portrayed visually in the media but, disability could be something that we cant see.
True
What is the main purpose of using the ICF model in health and disability reporting?
To assess functional status, set goals, plan treatment, and monitor outcomes
What is the significant impact of the ICF model on the perception of disability?
Shifting the focus from the individual's impairment to the environmental context
In the context of social policy, how does the ICF model contribute to disability evaluation?
By supporting the development of anti-discrimination laws for individuals with disabilities
Which aspect of disability assessment is NOT covered by the ICF model?
Etiological diagnosis of disabilities
Why is the strengths perspective emphasized in social work practice with individuals with disabilities?
To empower individuals by highlighting their abilities and resources
What is a key aspect for service providers who adopt the strengths perspective to focus on?
Finding ways for hope to survive
What is a key method for identifying needed services when utilizing the strengths perspective?
Identifying the difference between the person's current state and aspirations
What is emphasized as a critical approach when supporting others in identifying their strengths?
Being aware of our own strengths and resources
How does the Strengths Perspective view trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle?
As sources of challenge and opportunity
How can service providers best serve clients when adopting the Strengths Perspective?
By collaborating with the clients
What is a key assumption of the deficit/medical model?
Individuals with disabilities are viewed as defective, inferior, or less than.
According to the strengths perspective, what is the primary focus of service delivery?
Empowerment and independence of individuals with disabilities.
How would an individual with Cerebral Palsy be perceived in the deficit/medical model?
As defective, inferior, or less than due to their neurological disorder.
What is the primary difference between the strengths perspective and the deficit/medical model?
Focus on deficits vs. focus on strengths.
What is the primary goal of the strengths perspective in social work practice?
To empower individuals with disabilities to achieve independence and self-advocacy.
What type of attributes can be discovered through individuals' stories and narratives, according to Saleebey (2013)?
Personality traits and preferences
What kind of questions are asked in the Strengths Perspective to help identify notable individuals, groups, and exceptional situations, as outlined by Saleebey?
Survival, support, exception, and possibility questions
In the context of discovering strengths, what are 'Possibility Questions' designed to uncover?
Hopes, visions, and aspirations
What central theme is highlighted by the 'Esteem Questions' according to Saleebey's concept of Discovering Strengths?
Self-perception and recognition
Which factor is NOT emphasized as essential for individuals to identify exceptions to a problem, based on the Strengths Perspective?
Emotional support
Why does Saleebey emphasize 'listening to stories' in the context of discovering strengths?
To understand strength, interests, hopes, and visions
What is the primary outcome of the empowerment process?
Positive changes in individual capacities and community support
What is the core assumption of the Personal Coherence approach?
Individuals with disabilities are experts in their own lives
What is the purpose of adapted physical education?
To enhance learning, practice, and enjoyment of independent physical activity
What is the primary goal of service delivery in the Contemporary APA approach?
To provide advocacy and support for independence and self-determination
What is the definition of empowerment in the context of disability?
The process of gaining increased control over one's life
What is the role of professionals in the empowerment process?
To offer assistance and support for independence
What is the outcome of adapted physical activity opportunities?
Enhanced learning, practice, and enjoyment of independent physical activity
What is the core principle of the Personal Coherence approach?
Emphasize the strengths and resourcefulness of individuals with disabilities
What is the main purpose of adapting goals, content, and pedagogy in service delivery?
To minimize failure and maintain confidence
What is the primary goal of adapting physical activity opportunities?
To accommodate specific limitations and promote inclusion
Which variable reflects the presence or absence of sounds such as beeping, jingling, and rattling with noisemakers?
Sound
What do the similarities or dissimilarities between the teacher and student represent when considering the Model Type variable?
The similarity of behaviors and characteristics
WHAT IS THE ICF AND WHO DEVELOPED IT AND WHY?
WHAT IS THE STRENGTHS-BASED PERSPECTIVE AND WHAT ARE THE KEY PRINCIPLES?
What is a paradigm and why are they important?
Name and describe one of the APA paradigms
What is the nature of the participant <–>practitioner relationship under the strengths-based approach?
What does ‘adapted’ really mean?!
Study Notes
Adapted Physical Activity (APA)
- Definition: An attitude and philosophy (believing component) + a service delivery system (doing component) + a cross-disciplinary body of knowledge
- Focus: individual differences, lifespan approach, process of advocacy, promotion of independence and self-determination
APA Paradigms
-
- Facility Based Services (early 1900s): people with disabilities were believed to be a menace, should be isolated, and had different needs from the typical population
- Resulted in institutions, residential programs, special schools, and education based on labels
-
- Services Based (1950-1960s): public outcry led to a shift towards integration, mainstreaming, and de-institutionalization
- Physical activity opportunities were about assistance, not correcting or ignoring
-
- Supports Based (1970s-21st century): made use of natural, human, or technical supports to assist with inclusion
- Implemented teaching assistants/aides, peer support, use of computers, and individualized physical activity plans
-
- Empowerment (21st century): a philosophy that everyone belongs, contributes, and develops
- Focus on self-determination, personal power, and control
-
- Personal Coherence (Rossow-Kimball & Goodwin, 2018): rooted in a Strengths Perspective, suggests that people experiencing disability are experts in their own lives
- Focus on talents, resourcefulness, possibility, meaningful history, and strengths
Adaptation Theory
- Ernst Kiphard (1983): adaptation is a reciprocal process, holistic, age-appropriate, and person-centered
- Asserts that environmental variables create barriers and risks when interacting with personal variables in a goal-oriented physical education setting
- Teacher's role: help students find or create the best situational match of all interacting variables
APA Programs
- Same objectives as regular physical activity programs, but with adjustments to meet the needs and abilities of all participants
- May be integrated or segregated and involve groups or individuals
- Goals: motor, cognitive, affective, and social
APE/APA Model
- Assess movement needs
- Select functional goal (functional, top-down approach)
- Specify objectives
- Assess, prioritize, and manage variables
- Evaluate program and plan change### International Classification of Functioning, Disability & Health
- Recognizes that every human being can experience a decrement in health, leading to some degree of disability
- Shifts focus from cause to impact, considering social aspects of disability and environmental factors affecting functioning
- Includes contextual and environmental perspectives, highlighting that adapting activities to minimize limitations can eliminate disability
Models of Categorizing Disability
- Three models:
- ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability & Health)
- 6 Elemental Aspects highlighted in each model
ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability & Health)
- Used to measure health status of countries
- Clinical and epidemiological use: functional status assessment, goal setting, treatment planning, and monitoring
- Social policy use: anti-discrimination law, disability evaluation
- Research use: impact, intervention, and application
Strengths Perspective
- An alternative to the dominant Medical Model Perspective
- Focuses on strengths, interests, and competences
- Includes discovering strengths by looking around, listening to stories, and finding signs of strength, interests, hopes, and visions
- Essential questions: survival, support, exception, possibility, and esteem questions
Discovering Strengths
- Look for interests, talents, and competences
- Go beyond standard assessment protocols and listen to stories
- Identify sources of strength, support, and guidance
- Find exceptions to problems and identify hopes, visions, and aspirations
Strengths Perspective Principles
- Assume individuals, groups, families, and communities have strengths
- Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle can be sources of challenge and opportunity
- Collaborate with clients, and assume upper limits of capacity to grow and change are unknown
- Every environment is full of resources
- Caring, caretaking, and context are essential principles
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
