Galatians WK 7 Handout 2
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Questions and Answers

What does Paul emphasize as the basis for righteousness in relation to Abraham?

  • Torah observance is the ultimate goal.
  • Trust/faith has always been the leading factor. (correct)
  • The rituals practiced by Abraham.
  • Abraham's adherence to the law.

    • How is the relationship between God and humanity described in relation to Abraham?

  • Established through symbolic acts.
  • Condemned by the works of the law.
  • Extended through Abraham's faith. (correct)
  • Dependent on religious institutions.

    • What consequence is stated for those who aim for righteousness through Torah observance?

  • They become God's favored people.
  • They are guaranteed eternal life.
  • They achieve perfection easily.
  • They risk falling under the curse of the law. (correct)

    • According to the content, what mediates the need for the fulfillment of promise?

    <p>Torah observance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome for believers who trust in God's Son Christ?

    <p>They become part of a new community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Paul describe the return to former religious elements?

    <p>As abandoning the life found in the gospel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the analogy of Sarah and Hagar in the discussion?

    <p>It illustrates contrasting approaches to spiritual freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Paul argue about the Jewish religious institution, including the Temple?

    <p>It has no continuing relevance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'righteous-ization' entail in the context of Christianity?

    <p>Being transformed to share God-like righteousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gospel ethics differ from traditional law observance?

    <p>It promotes a lifestyle rather than a definitive list of principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Pauline theology, how is the term 'justify' best understood?

    <p>As being transformed to reflect God's character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Torah in the process of righteous-ization?

    <p>To serve as a litmus test and safeguard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Spirit of Jesus influence a believer's life according to the content?

    <p>By producing a lifestyle that mirrors Jesus' life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misunderstanding about gospel teaching did Paul address among the Galatians?

    <p>Gospel is primarily about being forgiven of sins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dikaioō' most closely translate to in modern understanding?

    <p>To righteousize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a key characteristic of the gospel ethics?

    <p>It emphasizes re-humanization and respect for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being 'righteous-ified' entail in the gospel according to Galatians?

    <p>Being transformed to reflect God's righteousness in character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is suggested as a potential translation for 'dikaioō' in Galatians?

    <p>Righteousized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major caution when translating 'made righteous'?

    <p>It confuses the verb with an adjective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of faith, what does the term 'πίστις/pistis' primarily refer to?

    <p>Trust and personal relationship with God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the verb 'πιστεύω/pisteuō' imply in Paul's writings?

    <p>Personal interpersonal trust in God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Paul differentiate true belief in Galatians?

    <p>By promoting faith that stems from personal trust in God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the forensic metaphor criticized in relation to the term 'justify'?

    <p>It introduces unnecessary debate about grace versus legalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does achieving 'right standing before God' also imply according to the content?

    <p>Corresponding ethical implications in one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines God's people according to the discussed theology?

    <p>Trust or faith in God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'doing Torah' or 'deeds of Torah' refer to in Paul's language?

    <p>Practicing adherence to the Jewish Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does God accommodate Abraham's trust according to the content?

    <p>By transmuting his trust into righteousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Paul opposing with respect to expressions of relationship with God?

    <p>Direct trust vs. Torah observance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the post-Jesus context, how do people relate to God, according to the content?

    <p>Directly in Jesus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Law' translate from in Greek contextually?

    <p>Nomos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the possession of Torah function for God's people in Judaism?

    <p>As a royal favor from God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception does Paul not address in his theological stance?

    <p>The significance of community in observance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction Luther made against the Catholic position regarding salvation?

    <p>Salvation is dependent on faith alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the traditional Protestant perspective define Christianity in relation to Judaism and Catholicism?

    <p>Christianity is a religion of grace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did E.P. Sanders introduce to describe the relationship between Jews and the Mosaic covenant?

    <p>Covenantal nomism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the traditional view, what has been the Roman Catholic approach to grace in relation to moral works?

    <p>Grace and moral works coexist for salvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nomos' refer to in the context of Sanders' analysis of Pauline literature?

    <p>Torah as a divine gift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the central arguments made by E.P. Sanders regarding Judaism?

    <p>Judaism and Christianity were both religions of grace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the criteria used by Judaism to identify members of the covenant community?

    <p>Boundary markers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the New Perspective challenge the traditional view of Judaism as a legalistic religion?

    <p>It views Judaism as a covenantal faith grounded in grace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines a person's location inside or outside the covenant, according to Sanders?

    <p>Their observance of boundary markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a boundary marker in the context of Sanders' theory?

    <p>Circumcision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shift did Paul make regarding boundary markers?

    <p>From covenantal nomism to faith in Christ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The New Perspective suggests that both Christianity and Judaism are religions of what?

    <p>Grace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical view of Paul regarding 'nomos'?

    <p>It refers specifically to Torah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the New Perspective imply about the role of Torah?

    <p>It was a grace in early Judaisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a debated consequence of the New Perspective regarding justification?

    <p>It deemphasizes justification by faith as central in Pauline theology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the New Perspective NOT advocate regarding the legalism of Torah?

    <p>It completely rejects legalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Galatians (WK 7, Handout 2)

    • Paul argues against Judaizers persuading the Galatian church to adopt a modified gospel.
    • He defends his apostleship and emphasizes righteousness through faith, empowered by the Spirit.
    • He cautions against reintroducing Torah observance, as it undermines the gospel.
    • Galatians are encouraged to correct their understanding and live accordingly.

    Critical Issues (The "Galatian Debate")

    • Destination and date of Paul's visit to Galatia are debated.
      • Possible destinations include North Galatia (Gaul) or South Galatia (a Roman province).
      • Dates range from AD 48-49 to AD 53-55, before or after the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15).
      • The earlier dating to North Galatia is most likely, though dating doesn't significantly impact interpretation.
    • Determining the theology, profile, and nature of the Galatian Judaizers is critical.
      • Although Judaizers feature in other epistles, it's unlikely that all Judaizers are a single group, or impose the same claims.
      • The issue of Paul mentioning righteousness by faith early and then again later, whether it died out, and then reignited, is debatable.

    Literary Structure of Galatians

    • A unique greeting structure (chaps. 1-2), lacking thanksgiving, is present.
    • Paul's initial letter defends his apostleship as divinely sourced.
    • Discussions about Peter's hypocrisy regarding circumcision in Antioch (Acts 15) are present, to be understood in the context of earlier dating to Gal.
    • This letter employs scripture and argumentation concerning the validity and worth of faith in Jesus.
    • He strongly advocates for "Torah-free" salvation based on faith.
    • Paul highlights the agitators' misunderstanding of the gospel, and how it relates to the importance and worth of the Spirit.
    • Paul contrasts the old and new covenants.
    • He appeals to the historical facts of salvation in Jesus.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Paul's arguments in Galatians against the Judaizers and his defense of apostolic authority. It will explore key theological discussions regarding righteousness through faith and the implications of reintroducing Torah observance. Engage with the critical issues surrounding the timeline and nature of Paul's visit to Galatia.

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