Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which GABA receptor is an ion channel?
Which GABA receptor is a GPCR?
What type of channel is the GABA receptor?
Cl- Channel
Between barbiturates and benzodiazepines, which causes a bigger potentiation of GABA?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does phenobarbital belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of phenobarbital?
Signup and view all the answers
What sort of half-life does phenobarbital have?
Signup and view all the answers
How is phenobarbital administered?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does methohexital belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of methohexital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of methohexital?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does etomidate belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of etomidate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for etomidate?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does propofol belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical uses of propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the side effects of using propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which anesthetic causes a unique euphoria?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does meprobamate belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of meprobamate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the effects of meprobamate overdose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of meprobamate?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens if you abruptly stop taking meprobamate?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does carisoprodol belong?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is an analogue of meprobamate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of carisoprodol?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens if you abruptly stop using carisoprodol?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does diazepam belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of diazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is used to treat status epilepticus?
Signup and view all the answers
What two issues commonly seen with other BZ drugs are not seen with diazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does clonazepam belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of clonazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of clonazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of diazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
To which drug class does zolpidem belong?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical use of zolpidem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of zolpidem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a result if you use a biphasic form of zolpidem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for zolpidem?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
GABA Agonists Overview
- GABAa receptors function as ion channels
- GABAb receptors act as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
- GABA receptor specifically facilitates Cl- ion flow
Barbiturates vs Benzodiazepines
- Barbiturates cause greater potentiation of GABA compared to benzodiazepines
Phenobarbital
- Classified as a GABAa agonist (barbiturate)
- Acts as an anti-convulsant
- Features a very long half-life of 80-120 hours
- Administered parenterally
Methohexital
- Another GABAa agonist (barbiturate)
- Used for pre-operative sedation and anesthesia for ECT
- Exhibits a short half-life of about 3.5 minutes
- Administered via IV
Etomidate
- GABAa agonist used primarily as a preanesthetic
- Effective in decreasing intracranial pressure during brain injuries
- Mechanism involves binding to the B3 subunit of GABAa to keep the channel open
Propofol
- Classified as a GABAa agonist
- Used for pre-anesthesia and as an anti-emetic (unique feature among anesthetics)
- Short half-life of 1 hour
- Side effects include hypotension and respiratory depression
- Induces a unique euphoric effect
- Also binds to the B3 subunit of GABAa
Meprobamate
- GABAa agonist primarily used as a sedative
- Known side effects of overdose include respiratory depression and severe hypotension
- Half-life ranges from 6-17 hours
- Abrupt cessation leads to anxiety, insomnia, tremors, hallucinations, and seizures
Carisoprodol
- A GABAa agonist analogue of meprobamate
- Clinically used as a muscle relaxant
- Similar withdrawal symptoms to meprobamate if stopped abruptly
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Diazepam is a GABAa agonist and classified as a BZ anxiolytic
- Used as an anxiolytic and for acute status epilepticus treatment
- Lack of respiratory depression and synergy with ethanol distinguishes it from other BZ drugs
- Clonazepam, another GABAa agonist (BZ), serves as an anticonvulsant with a half-life of 23 hours
- Diazepam has a long half-life between 20-80 hours
Zolpidem
- Non-benzodiazepine GABAa agonist used as a sedative
- Exhibits a short half-life of 2.1 hours
- A biphasic form may reduce hangover effects but promotes prolonged sleep
- Mechanism of action involves selective binding to the a1 subunit of the GABAa receptor
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the diverse functions and applications of GABA agonists, including barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Learn about the mechanisms of action for various compounds like phenobarbital, methohexital, etomidate, and propofol. This quiz will test your knowledge on their therapeutic uses and pharmacokinetics.