G6PD Deficiency and Hemolysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which substance is considered safe for patients with G6PD deficiency?

  • Dapsone
  • Quinolones
  • Soya food (correct)
  • Phenazopyridine

What effect does increased 2,3-BPG have on hemoglobin?

  • Decreases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (correct)
  • Increases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
  • Decreases oxygen release to tissues
  • Increases methemoglobin formation

Which of the following factors does NOT affect hemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

  • Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
  • Concentration of carbon monoxide (correct)
  • pH
  • Temperature

Which substance is explicitly noted as a substance to avoid for G6PD deficiency patients?

<p>Fava beans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway?

<p>To convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

G6PD Deficiency

A genetic condition affecting red blood cells, making them vulnerable to destruction (hemolysis) triggered by certain substances.

Hemolysis

The destruction of red blood cells, leading to their premature removal from the bloodstream.

Substances to Avoid (G6DP)

Certain drugs, chemicals, and foods trigger hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency.

Dapsone

A drug that can cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients.

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Fava Beans

A food that can trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals.

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Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

A vital process keeping hemoglobin's iron in its reduced state ($Fe^{2+}$).

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Rapoport-Luebering Shunt

The process in red blood cells that produces 2,3-BPG, affecting hemoglobin's oxygen affinity.

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2,3-BPG

A molecule that lowers hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, promoting oxygen release to tissues.

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Oxygen Affinity

The strength of the attraction between hemoglobin and oxygen.

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Factors affecting Oxygen Affinity

pH, carbon dioxide pressure, 2,3-BPG concentration, temperature and other non functional hemoglobin species affect how tightly hemoglobin holds onto oxygen

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Study Notes

G6PD Deficiency and Hemolysis

  • Drugs, chemicals, and foods can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency patients.
  • Avoid these: Dapsone, Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue), Nitrofurantoin, Phenazopyridine, Primaquine, Rasburicase, Tolonium chloride (toluidine blue), Aniline dyes, Fava beans, Red wine, Legumes (e.g., garbanzos, kadyos).
  • Certain foods can trigger hemolysis, including: munggo, Blueberry, Soya food (e.g., taho, tokwa, soy sauce), Ampalaya (bitter gourd or bitter melon), Menthol (e.g., mouthwash), Efficascent Oil, Listerine, Cotrimoxazole, Quinolones, Sulfadiazine, Naphthalene (mothballs), Some herbal supplements.

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

  • Maintains the iron in hemoglobin in its ferrous/reduced state (Fe2+).
  • Protects the heme portion of hemoglobin.

Rapoport-Luebering Shunt

  • Produces 2,3-BPG.
  • 2,3-BPG binds to hemoglobin and decreases oxygen affinity, promoting oxygen release to tissues.

Factors Affecting Hemoglobin's Affinity for Oxygen

  • Five factors affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen:
    • pH
    • Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
    • Concentration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)
    • Temperature
    • Presence of other nonfunctional hemoglobin species.
  • Higher 2,3-BPG concentration means more oxygen is released to tissues.

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