فيزياء الحركة والطاقة

Study Notes

Definition: A push or pull that causes an object to change its motion or shape
Types:
- Contact force: force exerted through physical contact
- Non-contact force: force exerted through a distance (e.g. gravity, magnetism)
Units: Newtons (N)
Newton's Laws of Motion:
1. Inertia: an object at rest remains at rest, an object in motion remains in motion
2. Force and acceleration: F = ma (force equals mass times acceleration)
3. Action and reaction: every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Definition: The rate of change of velocity
Units: meters per second squared (m/s^2)
Calculated using: a = Δv / Δt (acceleration equals change in velocity divided by time)
Related to force: F = ma (force equals mass times acceleration)

Definition: The transfer of energy from one object to another through a force applied over a distance
Formula: W = F × d (work equals force times distance)
Units: Joules (J)
Types:
- Positive work: force and displacement are in the same direction
- Negative work: force and displacement are in opposite directions

Definition: The rate of change of an object's position
Units: meters per second (m/s)
Calculated using: v = Δx / Δt (velocity equals change in position divided by time)
Related to acceleration: a = Δv / Δt (acceleration equals change in velocity divided by time)
Types:
- Instantaneous velocity: velocity at a specific moment
- Average velocity: velocity over a period of time

Description