Gymnosperm

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Questions and Answers

True or false: Conifers produce flowers.

False (B)

What is the gametophyte generation very reduced in?

  • Seed-bearing plants (correct)
  • Water-bearing plants
  • Pollen-bearing plants
  • Fruit-bearing plants

What type of trees or shrubs produce cones?

  • Deciduous trees
  • Conifers (correct)
  • Evergreens
  • Flowering trees

Which of the following is a characteristic of conifers?

<p>Producing cones and spores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a pollen grain reaches the ovule?

<p>The pollen grain germinates and forms a pollen tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte of a pine tree?

<p>A spore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure in which coniferous seeds are found?

<p>Cone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

<p>Gymnosperms produce naked seeds while angiosperms produce two seed leaves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pine tree?

<p>A sporophyte that produces cones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Gymnosperms are the most successful group of plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a thick waxy cuticle on conifers?

<p>To protect the tree from dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two groups of seed plants?

<p>Angiosperms and gymnosperms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte generation in seed-bearing plants?

<p>Reduced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce flowers?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pollen grains are the male gametophyte of conifer species.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte generation in seed-bearing plants?

<p>Reduced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the megasporocyte during fertilization?

<p>It undergoes meiosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conifers are ______ used in construction and paper production.

<p>commonly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conifers?

<p>To provide timber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the process of conifer reproduction?

<p>Microsporocytes dividing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are angiosperms?

<p>Flowering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce fruits?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are conifers typically found?

<p>High altitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are conifers typically found?

<p>At high altitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many haploid cells are produced when the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis?

<p>Four (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of spores produced by angiosperms?

<p>Megaspores and microspores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the pollen wall?

<p>A male gametophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the pollen wall?

<p>Male gametophyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed do gymnosperms produce?

<p>Naked seeds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The pollen tube reaches the female gametophyte before the eggs mature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the root system of a pine tree?

<p>It is shallow and spreading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree is a pine tree?

<p>Monoecious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Angiosperms do not need water for sexual reproduction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common feature of conifers?

<p>Needle-like leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of conifers?

<p>Seeds are protected and are found in cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the gametophyte protected?

<p>By a sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gymnosperms differ from angiosperms?

<p>Gymnosperms produce naked seeds and angiosperms produce enclosed seeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many conifer species, such as ______, larch, fir, and spruce, are evergreen.

<p>pines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fertilized ovule (seed) retained for?

<p>Protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are found primarily in low altitudes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the seeds of conifers found on?

<p>On the surface of ovuliferous scales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is fertilization accomplished in seed-bearing plants?

<p>Through the parent sporophyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not dependent on water in seed-bearing plants?

<p>Fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the commercial importance of conifers?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conifers are ______ for about one-third of the world's forests.

<p>responsible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of secondary growth in seed plants?

<p>To provide support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the pollen tube extending to the female gametophyte?

<p>Sperm cells developing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are found at low altitudes?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization?

<p>A seed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The megaspore develops into an embryo.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a fertilized ovule?

<p>A seed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the seed of a conifer enclosed in?

<p>An ovary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary growth in seed plants responsible for?

<p>Support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of angiosperms?

<p>Ferns and their close relatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Male gametes are conveyed to the ovum by a pollen grain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed does a conifer have?

<p>Naked seed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are used for timber and to make paper.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system does a pine tree typically have?

<p>Shallow and spreading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leaves do conifers usually have?

<p>Needle-like with a thick waxy cuticle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conifers commercially used for?

<p>Resins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the air sacs in a pollen grain?

<p>To aid in wind dispersal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of angiosperms?

<p>Ferns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pollen wall?

<p>A wall that encloses the pollen grain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are microspores and megaspores?

<p>Types of spores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not true about angiosperms?

<p>They need water for sexual reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores do angiosperms produce?

<p>Microspores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Angiosperms have one seed leaf.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fertilized ovule receive from the parent sporophyte?

<p>Protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables water in the soil to be reached?

<p>True roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stomata?

<p>Small holes in the epidermis of aerial parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the waxy cuticle of a conifer used for?

<p>To protect the tree from pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the seed of a conifer found on?

<p>A cone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the distinguishing features of conifers?

<p>They lack flowers and fruits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifer seeds are found inside an ovary.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are used for timber and wood pulp?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conifers produce products such as ______ and wood pulp.

<p>resins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vascular tissue do conifers have?

<p>No xylem vessels or companion cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the specialised leaves on which ovules are found?

<p>Ovuliferous leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a male and female cone?

<p>Spirally arranged, closely packed sporophylls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tree produces both male and female cones?

<p>Monoecious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many haploid cells are produced when the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis?

<p>Four (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the fertilization process?

<p>Pollination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many archegonia does the female gametophyte contain?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pollination of conifer species occurs within a year.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers have a thin waxy cuticle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it usually take for fertilization to occur?

<p>More than a year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fertilized ovule?

<p>A seed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by secondary growth?

<p>Wood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers have a thin waxy cuticle?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step in the fertilization process?

<p>Germination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of angiosperms?

<p>Among extinct seed-producing members of the ferns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction occurs when sperm and egg nuclei unite?

<p>Sexual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the sporophylls in a pine tree?

<p>To produce cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fertilized ovule?

<p>A seed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree is a conifer?

<p>A coniferous tree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epidermis of aerial parts?

<p>To allow gaseous exchange between plant and atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens inside each pollen sac?

<p>Meiosis takes place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The ovules of an ovulate cone scale contain megasporangia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure in which coniferous ovules are found?

<p>Cone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A fertilized ovule is not a seed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature do conifers lack?

<p>Flowers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conifers commercially important for?

<p>Resins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis of aerial parts, particularly leaves, responsible for?

<p>Gaseous exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the seeds of conifers located?

<p>In structures called cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed does conifers produce?

<p>Naked seed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cuticle do conifers have?

<p>Waxy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are conifers found?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte always protected inside?

<p>Sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce fruits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce seeds on ovuliferous scales?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables water in the soil to be reached?

<p>Roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for angiosperms to reproduce sexually?

<p>Pollen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Angiosperms produce naked seeds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant does not have flowers or fruits?

<p>Conifers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two large air sacs inside each pollen grain used for?

<p>To aid in wind dispersal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do angiosperms need water for sexual reproduction?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The megasporocyte undergoes meiosis to produce a megaspore.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the meiosis in a pollen sac?

<p>To produce haploid pollen grains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it usually take for fertilization to occur after pollination?

<p>More than a year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about gymnosperms?

<p>They are extinct. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pollen tube?

<p>To reach the ovule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pollen tube?

<p>To slowly digest its way through the megasporangium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leaves do conifers have?

<p>Ovuliferous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte always protected inside?

<p>A sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are male gametes conveyed to the ovum?

<p>By a pollen tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fertilization process dependent on in seed-bearing plants?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis in the microsporocytes?

<p>Haploid microspores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pollen tube?

<p>To convey male gametes to the ovum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cones in conifers?

<p>To produce seeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sporophyte provide for the gametophyte?

<p>Protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the female gametophyte develop?

<p>From the megaspore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protects the plant from desiccation?

<p>An epidermis with a waterproof cuticle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structures do conifers produce?

<p>Cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are found further south than any other tree?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are male gametes conveyed to the ovum?

<p>By a pollen tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of conifers?

<p>To provide timber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are used to make resins and turpentine.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree are conifers?

<p>Trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization?

<p>An embryo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vascular tissue does a conifer have?

<p>Complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree produces two different types of spores?

<p>Heterosporous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the ovule after fertilization?

<p>Seed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A pollen grain is enclosed in a pollen wall.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Angiosperms have their origin among living seed-producing members of the ferns and their close relatives.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of angiosperms?

<p>Ferns and their close relatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a requirement for angiosperm reproduction?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables water in the soil to be reached?

<p>True roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the process of conifer reproduction?

<p>Microsporocytes dividing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce resins and turpentine?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Microspores divide by meiosis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the specialised leaves on which ovules are found?

<p>Ovuliferous leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers have an ovuliferous scale.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of pollination?

<p>A pollen grain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants is the most successful?

<p>Angiosperms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the seeds of conifers enclosed in?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found on ovuliferous scales?

<p>Seeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leaves does a pine tree typically have?

<p>Needle-like and clustered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows gaseous exchange between the plant and atmosphere?

<p>Stomata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the specialised leaves on which coniferous seeds are located?

<p>Ovuliferous scales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis of aerial parts, particularly leaves, capable of?

<p>Gaseous exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ovuliferous scales of conifers?

<p>To produce seeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree produces only one type of spore?

<p>Homosporous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Angiosperms produce only megaspores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis in the megasporocyte?

<p>Haploid cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fertilized ovule (seed) retained for?

<p>Dispersal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Male gametes do not need to swim to reach the ovum.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sporangia do conifers produce?

<p>Sporangia and spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other products are conifers used for?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed does a conifer have?

<p>Naked seed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant is a gymnosperm?

<p>Non-flowering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree remains permanently in the sporangium?

<p>Gametophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ovules are present on an ovulate cone scale?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree produces both male and female gametophytes?

<p>Heterosporous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a megaspore and a microspore?

<p>A megaspore is a type of spore while a microspore is a type of spore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drought-resistant structures in hot dry environments?

<p>To increase water retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wood is produced by conifers?

<p>Softwood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found inside the ovule?

<p>Megasporangium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the seed coat?

<p>To protect the embryo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fertilized ovule?

<p>A seed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: An ovulate cone scale has one ovule.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structures that contain the seeds of conifers?

<p>Cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can plants show to adapt to hot dry environments?

<p>Production of drought-resistant structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are found further north than any other type of tree.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers produce seeds inside an ovary?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gymnosperms differ from angiosperms?

<p>Gymnosperms produce naked seeds and angiosperms produce enclosed seeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Gymnosperms are still living plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree produces both male and female cones?

<p>Monoecious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are commercially important?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are conifers?

<p>Cone-bearing plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conifers are commercially important for their timber.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gametophyte always protected inside of?

<p>A sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of specialized adaptations to hot dry environments?

<p>To increase water retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tree produces both the male and female cones?

<p>Monoecious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed do angiosperms produce?

<p>Enclosed seeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of microsporocytes dividing by meiosis?

<p>Haploid microspores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant produces cones?

<p>Conifers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A pollen tube extends from the pollen grain to the egg.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the waterproof cuticle?

<p>To protect from desiccation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between conifers and deciduous trees?

<p>Conifers are found at higher altitudes and deciduous trees are found at lower altitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between conifers and other trees?

<p>They do not produce flowers or fruits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the megaspore developing into a female gametophyte?

<p>Containing two or three archegonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ovule?

<p>To remain completely enclosed in the megaspore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a thick waxy cuticle?

<p>To protect the tree from dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ovules are contained in an ovulate cone scale?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

  • Seed plants are divided into two groups, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
  • Gymnosperms produce naked seeds, while angiosperms have two seed leaves.
  • Gymnosperms are extinct, while angiosperms are the most successful group of plants.
  • Angiosperms probably have their origin among extinct seed-producing members of the ferns and their close relatives.
  • Angiosperms produce microspores and megaspores, which are different types of spores.
  • The embryo sac (megaspore) remains completely enclosed in the ovule (megasporangium), and a fertilized ovule is a seed.
  • Angiosperms do not need water for sexual reproduction because the male gametes do not swim.
  • Male gametes are conveyed to the ovum by a pollen tube.

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