Fungi, Plants, and Animals Classification

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is used to classify fungi into groups such as sac fungi, club fungi, and imperfect fungi?

  • The type of substrate they grow on
  • The color of their spores
  • The size of their hyphae
  • The structure of their spore-producing organs (correct)

Which of the following describes a key difference between mosses (Rêu) and ferns (Dương xỉ)?

  • Mosses are typically found in drier environments than ferns.
  • Ferns are smaller in size and less complex in structure than mosses.
  • Ferns possess vascular tissues for transporting water and nutrients, while mosses do not. (correct)
  • Mosses reproduce via seeds, while ferns reproduce via spores.

Which adaptation allows gymnosperms (Hạt trần) to thrive in drier conditions compared to ferns?

  • Exposed seeds without fruit
  • Dependence on water for fertilization
  • Broader leaves for increased photosynthesis
  • Specialized vascular tissue for efficient water transport (correct)

How does the body structure of segmented worms (Giun đốt) contribute to their locomotion and flexibility?

<p>The division of the body into segments allows for independent movement and increased flexibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the mantle in mollusks (Thân mềm)?

<p>It secretes the shell and contributes to the respiratory system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic adaptation allows amphibians to transition from aquatic larval stages to terrestrial adult stages?

<p>Metamorphosis, involving changes in respiratory organs and limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of feathers and hollow bones contribute to the success of birds in flight?

<p>Feathers reduce drag and increase lift, while hollow bones reduce weight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of having mammary glands in mammals?

<p>Provides nourishment and immunity to offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you were to examine a fungus and notice that it reproduces through the formation of spores in a sac-like structure, to which group would you classify this fungus?

<p>Sac fungi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for inspecting the color, smell, and expiration date of food before consumption?

<p>To avoid consuming food contaminated with fungi or bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Fungi?

Eukaryotic organisms, single-celled or multicellular, that obtain nutrients by absorption. They thrive in warm, moist, nutrient-rich environments.

What is Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)?

A type of fungi that reproduces through sac-like structures containing spores.

What is Conjugation Fungi?

A fungus exhibiting rapid growth that often leads to food spoilage.

What are Mosses (Bryophytes)?

The first plants to live on land. They possess a small body size and lack vascular tissues.

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What are Ferns (Pteridophytes)?

Vascular plants that do not produce seeds, instead reproducing via spores.

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What are Gymnosperms?

Vascular plants with naked seeds (not enclosed in an ovary).

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What are Angiosperms?

The most evolved plants. Vascular plants with seeds enclosed in an ovary, with the body well-differentiated.

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Define Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone

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Define Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone.

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What are Amphibians?

Evolved from fish. Begin life in water but transition to land. Still need to stay moist.

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Study Notes

  • The document is a review sheet covering fungi, plants, and animals.

Fungi Classification

  • Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular and live heterotrophically.
  • They primarily grow in warm, humid, nutrient-rich environments.
  • Fungi are classified by the structure of their spore-producing organs.

Types of Fungi

  • Sac Fungi: Reproduce via sac-like spores, examples include cup fungi, yeast, and morels.
  • Club Fungi: Reproduce via club-shaped spores, examples include mushrooms, toadstools, and shiitake mushrooms.
  • Zygote Fungi: Reproduce via the fusion of two similar cells, often causing food spoilage, such as bread molds.

Plant Classification

  • Plants are classified into groups based on the presence or absence of vascular tissue.

Non-Vascular Plants

  • Bryophytes (Mosses): These are the first plants to live on land, having small bodies.
  • They lack vascular tissues.
  • They lack true roots, stems, and leaves, possessing rhizoids instead.
  • Reproduction occurs via spores.
  • They live in moist, shaded areas.

Vascular plant

  • Ferns: These have vascular tissues.

  • They have vascular tissues

  • They lack seeds, flowers, and fruits.

  • Reproduction occurs via spores

  • They have true roots, stems, and leaves.

  • Gymnosperms (Conifers): These are woody plants.

  • They have well-developed vascular systems.

  • Reproduce via exposed seeds/cones

  • They lack flowers and fruits.

  • They have true roots, stems, and leaves.

  • Angiosperms (Flowering Plants): These have complete structural organization.

  • They have well-developed vascular systems.

  • They produce flowers and fruits containing seeds (covered seeds).

  • They display diverse root, stem, and leaf structures.

  • Reproduction occurs via seeds within fruits.

  • They are found in many different habitats.

Animal Classification

  • Animals are divided into two groups: invertebrates (without a backbone) and vertebrates (with a backbone).

Invertebrates

  • Sponges (Porifera): Radially symmetrical.

  • Their bodies are porous.

  • Most live in aquatic environments.

  • Flatworms (Platyhelminthes): Bilaterally symmetrical.

  • Roundworms (Nematoda): Cylindrical, unsegmented worms.

  • Segmented Worms (Annelida): Segmented bodies.

  • Mollusks: Soft-bodied; many have an external shell.

  • Arthropods: Segmented bodies.

Vertebrates

  • Fish: Aquatic vertebrates.

  • Breathe through gills.

  • Move via fins.

  • Have varied shapes, typically with a streamlined body.

  • Reproduction by laying eggs.

  • May possess bony or cartilaginous skeletons.

  • Amphibians: Adapted to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Eggs develop in the water.

  • Reptiles: Have dry, scaly skin.

  • Birds: Covered in feathers.

  • Mammals: Have hair and mammary glands.

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