Fungal causes of skin disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common clinical feature of dermatophytosis?

  • Cough
  • Pruritus (correct)
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever

    • Which species is the most common cause of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats?

  • Microsporum canis (correct)
  • Trichophyton spp
  • Microsporum spp
  • Malassezia spp

    • What is the main mode of transmission of dermatophytosis?

  • Foodborne
  • Direct and indirect contact (correct)
  • Airborne
  • Vector-borne

    • Which of the following is a less common presentation of dermatophytosis?

    <p>Pseudomycetoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test for dermatophytosis is very sensitive and provides faster results than culture?

    <p>Fungal PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for collecting a sample for fungal culture?

    <p>Using a toothbrush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to find abnormal hairs for direct examination and culture?

    <p>Wood's lamp examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common species of Malassezia found in the microbiome of normal animals?

    <p>Malassezia pachydermatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host factors can contribute to Malassezia infection?

    <p>Anatomical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for diagnosing Malassezia infection?

    <p>Fungal culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common source of animal disease caused by dermatophytes?

    <p>Zoophilic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mycosis is the most common in skin?

    <p>Superficial mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a skin commensal fungi?

    <p>Malassezia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungi are adapted for the environment?

    <p>Geophilic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mycosis is uncommon and associated with hypersensitization?

    <p>Hypersensitisation mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common type of mycosis in the skin?

    <p>Tissue mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a frequent skin contaminant but usually does not cause infection?

    <p>Saprophytic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of dermatophyte?

    <p>Saprophytic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of mycosis that can affect deeper tissues?

    <p>Deep mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can atopic dogs become sensitized to?

    <p>Environmental saprophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Malassezia dermatitis/otitis?

    <p>It is almost always a secondary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of Malassezia colonization in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical presentation of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Erythema, grease, scale, crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas are commonly affected by Malassezia dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate method to identify Malassezia at affected sites in dogs and cats?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What number of Malassezia is considered normal in cytology?

    <p>No absolutes - low numbers significant if Malassezia hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cutaneous manifestation of dermatophytes?

    <p>Alopecia, scale, crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dermatophytes?

    <p>They are contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for diagnosing dermatophytes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pruritic dermatitis/otitis in dogs and occasionally cats?

    <p>Malassezia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three categories of fungi found on the skin?

    <p>skin commensals, transient contaminants, active pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungi are most commonly associated with animal disease?

    <p>zoophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mycosis is the most common in the skin?

    <p>tissue mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for dermatophytosis?

    <p>contact with infected animals or contaminated objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pruritic dermatitis/otitis in dogs and occasionally cats?

    <p>Malassezia infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host factors can contribute to Malassezia infection?

    <p>immunocompromised individuals, allergic individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of infection in dermatophytosis?

    <p>Skin microtrauma &amp; moisture, leading to inoculation and germination of infective arthrospores hence germ tubes penetrate stratum corneum hence growth of fungal hyphae leading lesions (foci within 5-7 days)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for dermatophytosis?

    <p>Direct contact / indirect (fomites)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species are commonly affected by dermatophytosis?

    <p>Cow, horse, cat; less common in dog/other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common clinical features of dermatophytosis?

    <p>Caused usually by Microsporum spp, Trichophyton spp; folliculitis  alopecia - usually fairly well-demarcated; adherent scale; +/- erythema, crust, comedones; occasional pustules; variable pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for diagnosing dermatophytosis?

    <p>Combination of tests including direct examination of hair/scales, Wood's lamp, fungal culture, and PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pruritic dermatitis/otitis in dogs and occasionally cats?

    <p>Malassezia species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical presentations of Malassezia dermatitis/otitis in dogs?

    <p>Pruritus, erythema, grease, scale, crust, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, malodourous lesions affecting various areas of the skin including ears, lips, muzzle, interdigital skin, flexor surfaces/medial aspects of limbs, ventral neck/body, axillae, perineum, and paronychia (claw fold infection).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical presentations of Malassezia dermatitis/otitis in cats?

    <p>Variable pruritus, otitis, chin acne, paronychia, secondary to certain systemic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the diagnostic methods for identifying Malassezia at affected sites in dogs and cats?

    <p>Cytology with stained acetate tape strip or stained impression smear using x40- x100 (oil immersion) objective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for diagnosing Malassezia infection?

    <p>Cytology to identify Malassezia at affected sites and assess response to antifungal therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common cutaneous manifestations of fungi?

    <p>Superficial tissue mycoses caused by dermatophytes and Malassezia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pruritic dermatitis/otitis in dogs and occasionally cats?

    <p>Malassezia infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the host factors that can contribute to Malassezia infection?

    <p>Immunocompromised status, certain systemic diseases, and dysbiosis (imbalance of organisms present in normal microbiome).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of Malassezia colonization in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Reported infections and increased risk of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dermatophytosis

    • A common clinical feature of dermatophytosis is pruritic dermatitis/otitis in dogs and occasionally cats.
    • Microsporum and Trichophyton are common causes of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats, with Microsporum canis being the most common species.
    • The main mode of transmission of dermatophytosis is through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites.
    • Less common presentations of dermatophytosis include papular or pustular lesions, or lesions that resemble eczema or seborrheic dermatitis.
    • The Wood's lamp test is a diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis, and it is very sensitive and provides faster results than culture.

    Malassezia

    • Malassezia pachydermatis is the most common species of Malassezia found in the microbiome of normal animals.
    • Host factors that can contribute to Malassezia infection include allergies, immunosuppression, and seborrheic skin disease.
    • The recommended method for diagnosing Malassezia infection is through direct examination of skin scrapings or cytology.
    • Malassezia dermatitis/otitis is characterized by pruritic skin lesions, excoriations, and a strong unpleasant odor.
    • In immunocompromised individuals, Malassezia colonization can lead to more severe infections, such as pneumonia or sepsis.

    Fungi

    • The three categories of fungi found on the skin are saprophytic fungi, opportunistic fungi, and dermatophytes.
    • Dermatophytes are the most common type of fungi associated with animal disease.
    • The most common cutaneous manifestation of dermatophytes is pruritic dermatitis/otitis.

    Diagnostic Methods

    • The recommended method for collecting a sample for fungal culture is through skin scrapings or biopsy.
    • The Wood's lamp test and direct examination of skin scrapings or cytology are used to diagnose dermatophytosis and Malassezia infection, respectively.
    • The trichogram test is used to find abnormal hairs for direct examination and culture.

    Miscellaneous

    • Atopic dogs can become sensitized to Malassezia.
    • Malassezia colonization is more common in certain breeds, such as Basset Hounds and West Highland White Terriers.
    • The stages of infection in dermatophytosis include incubation, invasion, and spread of infection.
    • Dogs and cats are commonly affected by dermatophytosis.
    • The main mode of transmission for dermatophytosis is through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on fungi found on the skin and their role in skin disease. Learn about skin commensals, transient contaminants, and active pathogens. Explore the different types of tissue mycosis and their prevalence.

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