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Fungi exhibiting dimorphism transition between yeast form at higher temperatures, such as 37°C in host tissues, and a mold form at lower temperatures, such as 25°C in the natural environment or laboratory.
Fungi exhibiting dimorphism transition between yeast form at higher temperatures, such as 37°C in host tissues, and a mold form at lower temperatures, such as 25°C in the natural environment or laboratory.
True (A)
Coenocytic hyphae are characterized by the presence of frequent septa, which divide the hyphae into distinct cellular compartments.
Coenocytic hyphae are characterized by the presence of frequent septa, which divide the hyphae into distinct cellular compartments.
False (B)
A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus (hyphae) and either a cyanobacterium or a green algae.
A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus (hyphae) and either a cyanobacterium or a green algae.
True (A)
Sporangiospores are asexual spores that are formed through a budding process directly from the parent cell's surface.
Sporangiospores are asexual spores that are formed through a budding process directly from the parent cell's surface.
Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection specifically affecting the nails.
Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection specifically affecting the nails.
Sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix schenckii, is categorized as a deep mycosis due to its ability to invade and disseminate throughout internal organs.
Sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix schenckii, is categorized as a deep mycosis due to its ability to invade and disseminate throughout internal organs.
Candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, only manifests as oral thrush and vaginal yeast infections.
Candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, only manifests as oral thrush and vaginal yeast infections.
Red algae are characterized by cell walls containing silica, which makes them a major component of diatomaceous earth.
Red algae are characterized by cell walls containing silica, which makes them a major component of diatomaceous earth.
Diatoms, a type of Chrysophyta, play a significant role in global oxygen production due to their photosynthetic activity.
Diatoms, a type of Chrysophyta, play a significant role in global oxygen production due to their photosynthetic activity.
Schizogony, a form of asexual reproduction in protozoans, involves the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote before cell division.
Schizogony, a form of asexual reproduction in protozoans, involves the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote before cell division.
Flashcards
Dimorphic Fungi
Dimorphic Fungi
Fungi that can switch between yeast and mold forms depending on temperature, typically yeast at 37°C and mold at 25°C.
Septate Hyphae
Septate Hyphae
Hyphae with cross-walls dividing them into distinct cells.
Sporangiospores
Sporangiospores
Spores contained within a sac-like structure.
Conidia (Conidiospores)
Conidia (Conidiospores)
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Dermatomycoses (Ringworm/Tinea)
Dermatomycoses (Ringworm/Tinea)
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Trophozoite
Trophozoite
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Cyst
Cyst
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Schizogony
Schizogony
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Candidiasis
Candidiasis
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Lichens
Lichens
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Study Notes
- Fungi are morphologically divided into mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.
- Some fungi are dimorphic, growing as yeasts in tissues at 37° C and as molds in the environment and lab at 25° C.
- Fungi can grow with or without oxygen.
- Fungi can be multicellular (hyphae) or unicellular.
- Hyphae with cross walls (septa) are called septate hyphae.
- Hyphae without septa are called coenocytic hyphae.
- Fungi reproduce asexually (budding) or sexually (genetic recombination).
- Lichens consist of hyphae and cyanobacteria or green algae.
Asexual Spores
- Sporangiospores are spores inside a sac (sporangium).
- Conidia (conidiospores) are spores not enclosed by a sac.
Types of Conidia
- Arthrospore: rectangular spore
- Chlamydospore: spherical spore
- Blastospore: buds from a parent cell
- Phialospore: buds from the mouth of a vase-shaped cell
- Microconidium and macroconidium: spores formed by the same fungus under different conditions; one-celled (micro); two or more (macro)
- Porospore: grows out through small pores
Pathogenic Fungi: Superficial Mycoses (Cutaneous Mycoses)
- Dermatomycoses: Tinea or ringworm
Types of Dermatomycoses
- Trichophyton: infects hair, skin, and nails
- Epidermophyton: infects skin and nails
- Microsporum: infects hair and skin
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea cruris (Jock itch)
- Tinea unguium
- Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot)
- Tinea versicolor
Other Superficial Mycoses
- Sporotrichosis: caused by Sporothrix schenckii
- Candidiasis: caused by Candida albicans; may result from suppression of immunity; can cause genitourinary tract infections (vaginal yeast infection), diaper rash (in infants), and mouth infections (oral thrush)
Deep Mycoses
- Examples include Aspergillus, Candida, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, and Paracoccidioides.
Algae
- Photosynthetic, aquatic organisms that reproduce asexually and sexually
- Chlorophyta: green algae
- Rhodophyta: red algae (cell wall contains agar)
- Phaeophyta: brown algae
- Chrysophyta: golden and yellow-green algae & diatoms whose cell walls contain silica
- Diatoms are a major source of world’s O2.
Protozoans
- Eukaryotic, unicellular organisms lacking a cell wall, and mostly motile.
- Require moist environments to survive.
- Trophozoite: motile, active, feeding form
- Cyst: dormant form (unfavorable environment)
- Protozoans reproduce asexually via schizogony, where the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides.
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