12 Questions
What is the process by which the male gamete nucleus migrates through a pore or fertilization tube into the female gametangia?
The wal nucleus migrates through a pore or fertilization tube into the female gametangia.
What is the result of gametangial fusion?
Karyogamy
What is the term for the process by which minute spore-like spermatia (male gamete) and specialized receptive hyphae (female gamete) fuse in advanced fungi?
Spermatization
How are spermatia typically carried to receptive hyphae in advanced fungi?
By air, water, or insects
What is the term for the process by which two vegetative hyphae or somatic hyphae fuse together to accomplish sexual reproduction in higher fungi?
Somatogamy
What is the result of the fusion of two vegetative hyphae or somatic hyphae in somatogamy?
Fusion of the contents of the two hyphae
What are oidia, and how are they formed in fungi?
Oidia are single-celled spores formed by the disjointing of hyphal cells.
What is the characteristic feature of blastospores?
Blastospores are formed by budding.
What are the three phases of sexual reproduction in fungi?
The three phases of sexual reproduction in fungi are plasmogamy (protoplasmic fusion), karyogamy (fusion of nuclei), and meiosis (reduction division of zygote).
What is planogametic fusion, and what are its types?
Planogametic fusion is the fusion of two motile gametes or planogametes, and it has three types: isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy.
What is the characteristic feature of isogamy?
In isogamy, the fusing gametes are morphologically similar but physiologically different.
What is gametangial contact, and what is its significance?
Gametangial contact is a process where the two gametangia come into close contact but do not fuse.
Study Notes
Fungal Reproduction
- Fungal reproduction involves various methods, including gametangial fusion, spermatization, somatogamy, and planogametic fusion.
Gametangial Fusion
- Involves fusion of entire contents of two compatible gametangia
- Walls of gametangia dissolve, and contents mix, resulting in karyogamy (e.g., Mucor, Rhizopus)
Spermatization
- Found in advanced fungi (e.g., Puccinia)
- Sex organs are absent; sexual process involves minute spore-like spermatia (male gamete) and specialized receptive hyphae (female gamete)
- Spermatia carried to receptive hyphae by air, water, or insects, and contents enter receptive hyphae through a pore
Somatogamy
- Found in higher fungi (e.g., Morchella, Agaricus, Peziza)
- Fusion of two vegetative hyphae or somatic hyphae takes over sexual function
Spore Formation
- Oidia (arthrospores): single-celled spores formed by disjointing hyphal cells
- Blastospores: formed by budding (e.g., Collybia, Coprinus)
Sexual Reproduction
- Involves formation and fusion of deuteromycetes or fungi imperfecti
- Found in all groups of fungi except fungi imperfecti
- Sexual reproduction has three phases: plasmogamy (protoplasmic fusion), karyogamy (nuclear fusion), and meiosis (reduction division of zygote)
Planogametic Fusion
- Involves fusion of two motile gametes or planogametes
- Has three types:
- Isogamy: fusion of morphologically similar but physiologically different gametes (e.g., Synchytrium)
- Anisogamy: fusion of morphologically and physiologically different gametes (e.g., Allomyces)
- Oogamy: fusion of non-motile female gamete (ovum or egg) and motile male gamete (anthrozoid) in specialized gametangia (oogonium and antheridium)
This quiz covers the different types of spores in fungi, including oidia and blastospores, as well as the process of sexual reproduction in fungi, including the formation and fusion of deuteromycetes. Test your knowledge of fungal reproduction and spore formation!
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