Fungi Microbiology Exam Review Quiz

Yeast Structure

• Yeasts are eukaryotic microorganisms, typically 3-5 μm in diameter
• Have a cell wall composed of chitin, glucans, and mannoproteins
• Possess a true nucleus, mitochondria, and other membrane-bound organelles

Human Pathogens among Fungi

• Most human pathogens are found among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla
• Examples include Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Histoplasma

Opportunistic Mycosis Predisposing Factors

• Weakened immune system due to diseases like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or taking immunosuppressive drugs
• Prolonged use of antibiotics, which can disrupt normal microbial flora
• Invasive medical procedures, such as IV lines or surgical wounds
• Skin or mucosal damage, providing a portal of entry for fungi

Difficulty in Treating Fungal Infections

• Fungal cells have a similar structure to human cells, making it difficult to develop targeted treatments
• Fungi can develop resistance to antifungal medications
• Fungal infections often present with non-specific symptoms, making diagnosis challenging

Fungal Spores vs. Bacterial Spores

• Fungal spores are often more resistant to environmental stressors, such as heat, radiation, and chemicals
• Fungal spores can remain dormant for extended periods, allowing them to survive hostile environments
• Bacterial spores are typically more sensitive to heat and radiation, but can survive longer periods of dryness and nutrient deprivation