Fungi in Different Environments and Their Economic Uses

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What is the name of the fungus that synthesizes cyclosporine, an immune-suppressant drug used in organ transplants?

Oyster mushrooms
Trametes versicolor
Fusarium oxysporum
Tolypocladium inflatum (correct)

What is the primary role of fungi in ecosystems?

Producers
Consumers
Symbionts
Decomposers (correct)

What is the name of the fungus that produces substances used to combat high cholesterol levels?

Not specified in the text (correct)
Tolypocladium inflatum
Oyster mushrooms
Trametes versicolor

What is the result of fungal decomposition of diesel contaminated soil?

Decreased hydrocarbon load (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fungi in bioremediation?

Secretion of enzymes to break down pollutants (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fungal breakdown of cellulose and lignin in wood and leaves?

Production of minerals and small organic molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that mycoheterotrophic plants obtain organic carbon?

By tapping the carbon supplies of nearby plants via mycorrhizae (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the symbiotic relationship between fungi and the roots of plants?

Mycorrhizae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of yeast cells?

They divide by budding or binary fission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fungi that are prized for their culinary value?

Truffles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mycelium in the ecosystem?

To break down organic matter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of carbon dioxide in bread making?

To cause the bread to rise (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who is the mycologist that has spoken about the potential of mushrooms to solve global problems?

Paul Stamets (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungi is known for producing antibiotics?

Penicillium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of carbon dioxide in beer and wine-making?

To be used in beer and champagne (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of fungi in the food industry?

To ripen or flavor certain cheeses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do restaurants lock truffles in safes at night?

To prevent theft due to their high value (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of lichens in the ecosystem?

They break down rock into soil (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are involved in the structure of lichens?

Fungal hyphae and algae (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of mycorrhizal fungi to plants?

They provide plants with nutrients, water, and pathogen resistance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways that mycorrhizal fungi aid in nutrient and water uptake in plants?

By extending the volume of soil explored by the root system (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do mature trees in forests transport excess carbon-based food to younger trees?

Through the soil using mycorrhizal networks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of healthy tomato plants connected to diseased plants via mycelial networks?

They increase their defence responses to aphids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that signals were being transmitted in the context of plant-fungi relationships?

Through mycorrhizal networks (C) Signup and view all the answers

When did the colonization of land by plants occur according to fossil records?

About 460 million years ago (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which achlorophyllous plants obtain carbon from fungi?

Mycoheterotrophy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mycorrhizal associations between fungi and trees in forest soils?

To enable the transfer of carbon from trees to achlorophyllous plants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of achlorophyllous plants that makes them dependent on fungi for carbon?

Their inability to photosynthesize (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fungal structures found in sediments dating from 460 million years ago?

Microscopic spores and hyphae (D) Signup and view all the answers