Fungi, Helminths, and Oomycete Characteristics

Eukaryotic heterotrophs that reproduce via asexual or sexual spores and tolerate low moisture, with most growing well in acidic conditions, but are NOT mostly pathogenic to humans.

Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic animals, some hermaphroditic, but NOT all are parasites; some are free-living.

They cause plant diseases, reproduce sexually, form hyphae, produce zoospores in a sporangium, but they do NOT have chlorophyll.

Fungi can endure dry conditions, allowing them to contaminate materials more readily than bacteria.

Lichens involve a fungus and alga in mutualism, NOT a fungus and a protozoan.

Anamorphs produce asexual spores, and teleomorphs produce both sexual and asexual spores.

Conidiospores are asexual spores of Penicillium.

Rhizopus are characterized by sporangiospores and zygospores.

A thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha is a chlamydoconidium.

Asexual spores include arthroconidium, blastoconidium, chlamydoconidium, conidiospore, and sporangiospore.

Coenocytic hyphae lack cross-walls; septate hyphae have cross-walls.

Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes, common in water and soil, and some are transmitted by arthropod vectors, but nearly all do NOT cause disease.

Dimorphic fungi can grow as yeast or mold.

Parasitic helminths have a more complex reproductive system compared to free-living helminths.

Formed by fragmentation

Sporangiospore – formed within a sac

Green algae are eukaryotic, red algae – agar, dinoflagellates – paralytic shellfish poisoning, brown algae – algin, diatoms – petroleum

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans via the gastrointestinal route.

Platyhelminthes are hermaphroditic, dorsoventrally flattened, multicellular animals that can be divided into flukes and tapeworms, but they do NOT have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.

In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are the definitive host as well as the vector.

Humans are intermediate, crayfish are intermediate.

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a cysticercus.

Houseflies do NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host.

Algae use light to produce carbohydrates.

In the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) lifecycle, mosquito is not a definitive host.

Algae are mostly aquatic, some produce toxins and most others are photoautotrophs, some unicellular or multicellular, and they are NOT currently classified as plants.

The definitive host harbors the adult stage of a parasite.

Tapeworms eat intestinal contents.

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they lack mitochondria.

The most effective fish tapeworm life control measure is cooking fish before eating.

The most effective control for malaria is to eliminate Anopheles mosquitoes.

A plasmodial slime mold is a multinucleated amoeboid cell with sporangia that form spores.

Cellular slime mold=mass of amoeba-like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores.

Cestodes are segmented parasites, but not all are free-living.

Is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?

Euglena is a protozoan.

mosquito does NOT cause Pneumocystis

NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans

Cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow because they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

Oomycote Algae

Human is an intermediate host.

Ringworm is fungal.

Yeast infections are caused by Candida albicans.

They are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea.

the infected human is highly unlikely to transmit the infection to another organism.

Spicules

intestinal roundworms

head of a tapeworm