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Questions and Answers
What process allows prokaryotes to take up DNA found in the environment?
What process allows prokaryotes to take up DNA found in the environment?
- Conjugation
- Transduction
- Transformation (correct)
- Binary division
Which method involves bacteriophages transferring DNA from one bacteria to another?
Which method involves bacteriophages transferring DNA from one bacteria to another?
- Transformation
- Binary division
- Conjugation
- Transduction (correct)
What is typically transferred from one prokaryote to another during conjugation?
What is typically transferred from one prokaryote to another during conjugation?
- mRNA
- Plasmid DNA (correct)
- Ribosomes
- Genomic DNA
Which group of organisms does the term 'protist' refer to?
Which group of organisms does the term 'protist' refer to?
What is the characteristic of most protists in terms of reproduction?
What is the characteristic of most protists in terms of reproduction?
What is the genetic exchange mechanism where DNA is moved from one bacterium to another through a pilus?
What is the genetic exchange mechanism where DNA is moved from one bacterium to another through a pilus?
Which prokaryotic reproductive method results in exact copies of the parent cell?
Which prokaryotic reproductive method results in exact copies of the parent cell?
What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
Based on their shape, prokaryotic organisms can generally be classified into which categories?
Based on their shape, prokaryotic organisms can generally be classified into which categories?
In prokaryotic reproduction, which process is responsible for introducing genetic diversity?
In prokaryotic reproduction, which process is responsible for introducing genetic diversity?
What different methods do prokaryotes use to obtain energy?
What different methods do prokaryotes use to obtain energy?
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of a generalized prokaryotic cell?
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of a generalized prokaryotic cell?
Gram positive and Gram negative are classifications based on the reaction of prokaryotic cell walls to what staining method?
Gram positive and Gram negative are classifications based on the reaction of prokaryotic cell walls to what staining method?
What unites all prokaryotes in terms of genetic material?
What unites all prokaryotes in terms of genetic material?
What is the structure that consists of a sac fungus and either cyanobacteria or green algae?
What is the structure that consists of a sac fungus and either cyanobacteria or green algae?
What is the outcome of the fusion of two haploid hyphae in fungal sexual reproduction?
What is the outcome of the fusion of two haploid hyphae in fungal sexual reproduction?
In which stage of the sexual cycle does the zygote undergo meiosis in fungi?
In which stage of the sexual cycle does the zygote undergo meiosis in fungi?
How do most fungi produce spores for dissemination?
How do most fungi produce spores for dissemination?
What is the main role of lichens in an ecological context?
What is the main role of lichens in an ecological context?
What is the structure that delivers nutrients and water to a vascular plant root in a mycorrhizal partnership?
What is the structure that delivers nutrients and water to a vascular plant root in a mycorrhizal partnership?
What is the characteristic feature of a fungal spore?
What is the characteristic feature of a fungal spore?
What is the primary purpose of flowers?
What is the primary purpose of flowers?
Which part of a flower acts as an energy reserve for the seed and developing plant?
Which part of a flower acts as an energy reserve for the seed and developing plant?
Which one of the following is NOT a component of a flower?
Which one of the following is NOT a component of a flower?
What is the main goal of fruit in the plant life cycle?
What is the main goal of fruit in the plant life cycle?
What unique process do angiosperms undergo during fertilization?
What unique process do angiosperms undergo during fertilization?
Which plant part fuses with the nucleus in the embryo sac to form endosperm?
Which plant part fuses with the nucleus in the embryo sac to form endosperm?
How are some fruits formed differently from the typical ovary development?
How are some fruits formed differently from the typical ovary development?
What do fruits typically rely on for dispersal?
What do fruits typically rely on for dispersal?
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Study Notes
- Prokaryotes are ancient organisms lacking a nucleus and true membrane-bound organelles, including bacteria and Archaea.
- Prokaryotes can be spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), or spiral-shaped (spirilla).
- Prokaryotes reproduce asexually mainly through binary fission.
- Prokaryotes gain genetic diversity through transformations, transductions, and conjugations.
- Prokaryotes can obtain energy through various methods like phototrophy and chemotrophy.
- The term "protist" is used to describe diverse eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, fungi, or plants.
- Protists come in various morphologies, physiologies, and ecologies.
- Most protists are microscopic and unicellular but some are multicellular like Caulerpa.
- Fungi are multicellular organisms with a mycelium, which is a mesh of threadlike filaments.
- Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs through budding or spore production by mitosis.
- Sexual reproduction in fungi involves fusion of hyphal tips, creating a dikaryotic cell, and subsequent meiosis.
- Fungi have beneficial partnerships with other organisms through mycorrhiza and lichens.
- Angiosperms are plants with seeds enclosed in an ovary.
- Flowers in plants have sepals, petals, pistils, and stamen, and their primary function is to attract pollinators.
- Fruits in plants aid in dispersal, usually through animals or by wind.
- Angiosperms undergo double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other forms the endosperm.
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