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Questions and Answers
Coccidioidomycosis is generally caused by ______ fungi
Coccidioidomycosis is generally caused by ______ fungi
dimorphic
Opportunistic Mycoses include Candidiasis, systemic, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, and ______
Opportunistic Mycoses include Candidiasis, systemic, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, and ______
Mucormycosis
Transmission of fungal spores occurs through inhalation, leading to initial pulmonary infection which may be ______ or asymptomatic
Transmission of fungal spores occurs through inhalation, leading to initial pulmonary infection which may be ______ or asymptomatic
symptomatic
Coccidioidomycosis is acquired through inhalation of the infective ______
Coccidioidomycosis is acquired through inhalation of the infective ______
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Clinical specimens for Coccidioidomycosis include sputum, tissues, or body fluids for direct microscopic examination of nonbudding, thick-walled ______
Clinical specimens for Coccidioidomycosis include sputum, tissues, or body fluids for direct microscopic examination of nonbudding, thick-walled ______
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Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. Coccidioides immitis is considered as the most ______ of all fungi.
Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. Coccidioides immitis is considered as the most ______ of all fungi.
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Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is primary and begins in the lungs and may produce cavitary lesions that resemble tuberculosis. Infection may disseminate to the lymphatic tissue, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges. Involvement of the heart is becoming more common especially in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of infective conidia from the environment. 95% of infection are asymptomatic and self-limited. Histoplasmosis is considered as the most prevalent pulmonary mycosis of humans and animals. Etiologic Agent: Histoplasma capsulatum. Direct microscopic examination of Histoplasma capsulatum may be detected in Wright or Giemsa-stained smears of the bone marrow. Rarely seen in the peripheral blood. Small, round to oval yeast cells 2-5 u in diameter usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is the etiologic agent of ______.
Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is primary and begins in the lungs and may produce cavitary lesions that resemble tuberculosis. Infection may disseminate to the lymphatic tissue, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges. Involvement of the heart is becoming more common especially in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of infective conidia from the environment. 95% of infection are asymptomatic and self-limited. Histoplasmosis is considered as the most prevalent pulmonary mycosis of humans and animals. Etiologic Agent: Histoplasma capsulatum. Direct microscopic examination of Histoplasma capsulatum may be detected in Wright or Giemsa-stained smears of the bone marrow. Rarely seen in the peripheral blood. Small, round to oval yeast cells 2-5 u in diameter usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is the etiologic agent of ______.
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Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. If culture plates are used, they should be handled only in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). Cultures of C.immitis should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification is made to prevent the spread of ______.
Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. If culture plates are used, they should be handled only in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). Cultures of C.immitis should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification is made to prevent the spread of ______.
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Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is primary and begins in the lungs and may produce cavitary lesions that resemble tuberculosis. Infection may disseminate to the lymphatic tissue, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges. Involvement of the heart is becoming more common especially in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of infective conidia from the environment. 95% of infection are asymptomatic and self-limited. Histoplasmosis is considered as the most prevalent pulmonary mycosis of humans and animals. Etiologic Agent: Histoplasma capsulatum. Direct microscopic examination of Histoplasma capsulatum may be detected in Wright or Giemsa-stained smears of the bone marrow. Rarely seen in the peripheral blood. Small, round to oval yeast cells 2-5 u in diameter usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasmosis primarily begins in the ______.
Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is primary and begins in the lungs and may produce cavitary lesions that resemble tuberculosis. Infection may disseminate to the lymphatic tissue, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges. Involvement of the heart is becoming more common especially in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of infective conidia from the environment. 95% of infection are asymptomatic and self-limited. Histoplasmosis is considered as the most prevalent pulmonary mycosis of humans and animals. Etiologic Agent: Histoplasma capsulatum. Direct microscopic examination of Histoplasma capsulatum may be detected in Wright or Giemsa-stained smears of the bone marrow. Rarely seen in the peripheral blood. Small, round to oval yeast cells 2-5 u in diameter usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasmosis primarily begins in the ______.
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Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. Histoplasmosis primarily begins in the lungs. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasmosis may disseminate to the ______ tissue.
Coccidioides immitis may produce hyphae that may dissociate into arthroconidia. Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism. Safety precautions in handling C.immitis cultures include sealing cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C.immitis. The use of cotton-plugged tubes is discouraged and screwcapped tubes are preferred. All microscopic preparations for examination should be performed inside a BSC. Cultures should be autoclaved as soon as the final identification of C.immitis is made. Histoplasmosis primarily begins in the lungs. Histoplasma capsulatum is a small budding yeast cells usually found intracellularly within macrophages. Histoplasmosis may disseminate to the ______ tissue.
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Study Notes
Fungal Agents Causing Systemic and Opportunistic Mycoses
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Primary Systemic Mycoses include:
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Histoplasmosis
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Blastomycosis
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
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These are generally caused by dimorphic fungi
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Opportunistic Mycoses include:
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Candidiasis, systemic
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Cryptococcosis
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Aspergillosis
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Mucormycosis
Identification of Fungal Agents
- Identified by:
- Growth characteristics
- Colonial morphology
- Microscopic characteristics of conidia and hyphae
- Conversion of mycelial to yeast phase
- Antigen testing
- Nucleic acid probes
Transmission of Fungal Infections
- Transmission occurs through:
- Inhalation of fungal spores
- Initial pulmonary infection, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic
- Dissemination to other body sites can occur
Coccidioidomycosis
- Acquired through inhalation of infective arthroconidia
- Approximately 60% are asymptomatic and self-limited respiratory tract infections
- Infection may become disseminated to visceral organs, meninges, bone, skin, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous tissue
- Etiologic agent: Coccidioides immitis
- Clinical specimens:
- Sputum, tissues, or body fluids
- Direct microscopic examination from clinical specimens
- Microscopic characteristics:
- Nonbudding, thick-walled spherule, 20-200 u in diameter containing either granular material or numerous small nonbudding spores
- Macroscopic characteristics:
- Colonies appear after 3-21 days, delicate fluffy white, which turn tan or brown with age
- Microscopic characteristics:
- Mycelial phase: septate, branched hyphae that produce thick-walled barrel-shaped, rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with empty alternate cells
- Yeast phase: large, round, thick-walled spherules with endospores observed in tissues and direct examination
Safety Precautions in Handling C. immitis Cultures
- Extreme caution should be observed in handling cultures of this organism
- Safety precautions:
- Handle cultures in a biological safety cabinet (BSC)
- Seal cultures in tape if the specimen is suspected of containing C. immitis
- Use screw-capped tubes instead of cotton-plugged tubes
- Autoclave cultures as soon as the final identification of C. immitis is made
Histoplasmosis
- A chronic granulomatous infection that is primary and begins in the lungs and may produce cavitary lesions that resemble tuberculosis
- Infection may disseminate to the lymphatic tissue, liver, spleen, kidneys, meninges
- Involvement of the heart is becoming more common, especially in immunocompromised patients
- Acquired by inhalation of infective conidia from the environment
- 95% of infections are asymptomatic and self-limited
- Considered as the most prevalent pulmonary mycosis of humans and animals
- Etiologic agent: Histoplasma capsulatum
- Direct microscopic examination:
- Difficult to visualize in the sputum and other tissues
- May be detected in Wright or Giemsa-stained smears of the bone marrow
- Rarely seen in the peripheral blood
- Microscopic characteristics:
- Small, round to oval yeast cells 2-5 u in diameter usually found intracellularly within macrophages
- Macroscopic characteristics:
- Slow growing, requires 2-4 weeks
- SDA: white to brown mold with fine fluffy texture; white, yellow or tan reverse side
- BHI: moist, white to cream heaped colony
- Microscopic characteristics:
- Mycelial phase: septate hyphae with large spherical or pyriform tuberculate macroconidia; some produce small round smooth microconidia
- Yeast phase: small budding yeast cells 2-5 u usually intracellular within macrophages
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Description
Test your knowledge on fungal agents causing primary systemic mycoses and opportunistic mycoses, including identification methods. Learn about common mycoses like coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and more.
