Podcast
Questions and Answers
What role do nucleoside triphosphates play in DNA strand synthesis?
What role do nucleoside triphosphates play in DNA strand synthesis?
- They inhibit the polymerase enzyme.
- They act as catalysts for the reaction.
- They regulate the pH of the reaction.
- They serve as substrates. (correct)
The 5' end of the growing DNA chain attacks the alpha-phosphate of the incoming nucleotide.
The 5' end of the growing DNA chain attacks the alpha-phosphate of the incoming nucleotide.
False (B)
Which specific chemical group at the 3' end of the growing DNA chain is crucial for attacking the incoming nucleotide?
Which specific chemical group at the 3' end of the growing DNA chain is crucial for attacking the incoming nucleotide?
OH group
The nucleophilic OH group at the 3' end attacks the ______ phosphate of the incoming trinucleotide.
The nucleophilic OH group at the 3' end attacks the ______ phosphate of the incoming trinucleotide.
Why is the 3'-OH group required for DNA elongation?
Why is the 3'-OH group required for DNA elongation?
The 3'-OH group's nucleophilicity is enhanced by nearby potassium ions.
The 3'-OH group's nucleophilicity is enhanced by nearby potassium ions.
Which ion enhances the nucleophilicity of the 3'-OH group during DNA elongation?
Which ion enhances the nucleophilicity of the 3'-OH group during DNA elongation?
The 3'-OH is made a more powerful nucleophile by nearby ______ ions.
The 3'-OH is made a more powerful nucleophile by nearby ______ ions.
What is released as a leaving group during DNA synthesis?
What is released as a leaving group during DNA synthesis?
Pyrophosphate is composed of the alpha and beta phosphates from the incoming nucleotide.
Pyrophosphate is composed of the alpha and beta phosphates from the incoming nucleotide.
Which two phosphates make up the pyrophosphate that is released as a leaving group?
Which two phosphates make up the pyrophosphate that is released as a leaving group?
Pyrophosphate is made of the beta and ______ phosphates.
Pyrophosphate is made of the beta and ______ phosphates.
What is the role of aspartate residues in DNA polymerase?
What is the role of aspartate residues in DNA polymerase?
Aspartate residues are involved in stabilizing the DNA polymerase enzyme directly.
Aspartate residues are involved in stabilizing the DNA polymerase enzyme directly.
What type of amino acid, specifically, is involved in holding everything together within the DNA polymerase active site?
What type of amino acid, specifically, is involved in holding everything together within the DNA polymerase active site?
[Blank] holds everything together in DNA polymerase.
[Blank] holds everything together in DNA polymerase.
Match the following components with their roles in DNA elongation:
Match the following components with their roles in DNA elongation:
In the process of DNA elongation, which phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide is attacked by the 3'-OH group of the growing strand?
In the process of DNA elongation, which phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide is attacked by the 3'-OH group of the growing strand?
DNA polymerase directly adds a monophosphate group to the growing DNA strand during elongation.
DNA polymerase directly adds a monophosphate group to the growing DNA strand during elongation.
What type of molecule provides the energy for the formation of the phosphodiester bond during DNA elongation?
What type of molecule provides the energy for the formation of the phosphodiester bond during DNA elongation?
Flashcards
Nucleoside triphosphates
Nucleoside triphosphates
Serve as the building blocks (substrates) during DNA strand synthesis.
Nucleophilic 3'-OH group
Nucleophilic 3'-OH group
The OH group at the 3' end of the growing DNA chain that attacks the alpha-phosphate of the incoming nucleotide.
Importance of 3'-OH
Importance of 3'-OH
Essential for DNA elongation; it initiates the nucleophilic attack.
Role of Mg2+ ions
Role of Mg2+ ions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Function of Pyrophosphate
Function of Pyrophosphate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Aspartate in DNA polymerase
Aspartate in DNA polymerase
Signup and view all the flashcards
DNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Quantum mechanics describes nature's physical properties at the atomic and subatomic level
- It is the basis for technologies like lasers, transistors, and medical imaging
Key Concepts
- Quantum mechanics says particles have wave and particle characteristics
- Energy, momentum, and other physical values are quantized, meaning they have discrete values
- Quantum mechanics lets particles exist in multiple states simultaneously, known as superposition
- The uncertainty principle defines a limit to the precision with which pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, can be known.
Schrodinger Equation
- The time-dependent Schrödinger equation describes a physical system's evolution over time: $i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(r,t) = \hat{H}\Psi(r,t)$
- $\Psi$ is the wavefunction, $\hat{H}$ is the Hamiltonian operator, $i$ is the imaginary unit, $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant, $t$ is time, $r$ is the position vector.
- The time-independent Schrödinger equation describes stationary states where energy $E$ is constant: $\hat{H}\Psi(r) = E\Psi(r)$
Applications
- Quantum mechanics helps understand material properties, like conductivity and optical behavior
- It helps study chemical reactions and molecular structure
- Used to develop quantum computers which are faster than current computers
- Used in MRI and PET scans
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
