Fundamentals of Physics
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of physics?

  • To study the behavior of matter in space
  • To investigate the fundamental constituents of matter
  • To analyze the relationship between energy and force
  • To understand how the universe behaves (correct)
  • Who is a scientist specializing in the field of physics called?

  • Astronomer
  • Physician
  • Biologist
  • Physicist (correct)
  • What are the fundamental constituents of matter known as in physics?

  • Neutrons
  • Protons
  • Quarks (correct)
  • Electrons
  • During which century did natural sciences like physics, chemistry, and biology emerge as unique research endeavors?

    <p>17th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic discipline does physics often intersect with?

    <p>Biophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do advances in physics often enable?

    <p>New technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the word 'physics'?

    <p>Latin physica ('study of nature')</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilizations had a predictive knowledge and basic awareness of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars?

    <p>Sumerians, ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed ideas verified by reason and observation during the Archaic period (650 BCE – 480 BCE)?

    <p>Pre-Socratic philosophers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the origins of Western astronomy originate?

    <p>Mesopotamia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empire resisted the attacks from the barbarians and continued to advance various fields of learning, including physics?

    <p>Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created an important compilation of Archimedes' works in the sixth century?

    <p>Isidore of Miletus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period did pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales reject non-naturalistic explanations for natural phenomena?

    <p>Archaic period (650 BCE – 480 BCE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the oldest natural sciences?

    <p>Astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society?

    <p>Advances in electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was often worshipped by early civilizations such as the Sumerians, ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilisation?

    <p>Stars and planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of social science?

    <p>Understanding societies and relationships among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic disciplines are encompassed by social science?

    <p>Anthropology, archaeology, and economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do positivist social scientists define science?

    <p>In its stricter modern sense, using methods resembling those in the natural sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the methods used by interpretivist social scientists?

    <p>Social critique or symbolic interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern researchers in social science often conduct their studies?

    <p>Being eclectic, using multiple methodologies including both quantitative and qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What degree of autonomy has social research acquired?

    <p>It shares common goals and methods among practitioners from various disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which century did the history of the social sciences begin?

    <p>17th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'social science' in French in 1767?

    <p>Auguste Comte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher used the term 'science sociale' to describe the field of social science?

    <p>Auguste Comte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initiated the study of 'social facts'?

    <p>Émile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which figure championed the methodological dichotomy present in identifying and understanding social phenomena?

    <p>Max Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of development in the social sciences was based on economics?

    <p>Development of economic knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whose sociology firmly demanded a distinction between theory (description) and prescription?

    <p>Max Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which century was Enlightenment philosophy challenged in various quarters?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sociology slowly affirms itself' and experiences difficulty affirming a strategic knowledge beyond philosophy and theology in which context?

    <p>Italian context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the growth of the social sciences reflect in other specialized encyclopedias?

    <p>Grand encyclopedia of Diderot</p> Signup and view all the answers

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