Fundamentals of Physics
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of physics?

  • To study the behavior of matter in space
  • To investigate the fundamental constituents of matter
  • To analyze the relationship between energy and force
  • To understand how the universe behaves (correct)

Who is a scientist specializing in the field of physics called?

  • Astronomer
  • Physician
  • Biologist
  • Physicist (correct)

What are the fundamental constituents of matter known as in physics?

  • Neutrons
  • Protons
  • Quarks (correct)
  • Electrons

During which century did natural sciences like physics, chemistry, and biology emerge as unique research endeavors?

<p>17th century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic discipline does physics often intersect with?

<p>Biophysics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do advances in physics often enable?

<p>New technologies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'physics'?

<p>Latin physica ('study of nature') (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient civilizations had a predictive knowledge and basic awareness of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars?

<p>Sumerians, ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilisation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed ideas verified by reason and observation during the Archaic period (650 BCE – 480 BCE)?

<p>Pre-Socratic philosophers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the origins of Western astronomy originate?

<p>Mesopotamia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which empire resisted the attacks from the barbarians and continued to advance various fields of learning, including physics?

<p>Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created an important compilation of Archimedes' works in the sixth century?

<p>Isidore of Miletus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which period did pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales reject non-naturalistic explanations for natural phenomena?

<p>Archaic period (650 BCE – 480 BCE) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the oldest natural sciences?

<p>Astronomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society?

<p>Advances in electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was often worshipped by early civilizations such as the Sumerians, ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilisation?

<p>Stars and planets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of social science?

<p>Understanding societies and relationships among individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic disciplines are encompassed by social science?

<p>Anthropology, archaeology, and economics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do positivist social scientists define science?

<p>In its stricter modern sense, using methods resembling those in the natural sciences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the methods used by interpretivist social scientists?

<p>Social critique or symbolic interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do modern researchers in social science often conduct their studies?

<p>Being eclectic, using multiple methodologies including both quantitative and qualitative research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What degree of autonomy has social research acquired?

<p>It shares common goals and methods among practitioners from various disciplines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which century did the history of the social sciences begin?

<p>17th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'social science' in French in 1767?

<p>Auguste Comte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher used the term 'science sociale' to describe the field of social science?

<p>Auguste Comte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who initiated the study of 'social facts'?

<p>Émile Durkheim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which figure championed the methodological dichotomy present in identifying and understanding social phenomena?

<p>Max Weber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of development in the social sciences was based on economics?

<p>Development of economic knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whose sociology firmly demanded a distinction between theory (description) and prescription?

<p>Max Weber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which century was Enlightenment philosophy challenged in various quarters?

<p>20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sociology slowly affirms itself' and experiences difficulty affirming a strategic knowledge beyond philosophy and theology in which context?

<p>Italian context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the growth of the social sciences reflect in other specialized encyclopedias?

<p>Grand encyclopedia of Diderot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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