Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the dispensing process?

  • Prepare medications without patient information
  • Focus solely on the preparation of medicines
  • Ensure patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs (correct)
  • Maximize profit from medications

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of good medication use?

  • Medicines should always be the most expensive options (correct)
  • Medicines must achieve therapeutic goals
  • Medicines should be used for an adequate period of time
  • Medicines should be used judiciously

Who is primarily responsible for the screening of prescriptions?

  • Office assistant
  • Pharmacy technician
  • Registered medical practitioner or registered dentist (correct)
  • Registered pharmacist

What is the final step in the dispensing procedures?

<p>Recording the amount of medicines dispensed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does counselling play in the dispensing process?

<p>It is performed by a healthcare professional to enhance patient understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in the knowledge required by dispensing personnel?

<p>Marketing strategies for medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the prescriber cannot be contacted regarding a prescription?

<p>Send the prescription back with information on needed actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the labelling of medicines?

<p>Clear instructions and appropriate information for the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of 'suitable doses' in medication dispensing?

<p>Doses should meet individual requirements based on patient needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action must the prescriber take if any changes are made to a patient's prescription?

<p>Document the changes in the patient's medical record. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a prescribed medicine cannot be substituted, what should the pharmacist advise the patient?

<p>Wait for the medicine to become available later. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the pharmacist do if the patient needs the medicine urgently?

<p>Contact the prescriber to discuss possible substitutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is important when preparing to dispense a medication?

<p>Check the expiry date. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When filling a prescription, how should similar-named medicines be handled?

<p>Ensure that the correct medicine is selected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dispensing tablets or capsules, what should not be done?

<p>Remove them from the strip or blister. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If loose packs are used for dispensing, what is important to remember?

<p>Avoid direct contact with hands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are essential components to be checked in a prescription validation?

<p>Drug regimen and doctor's signature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a prescriber is not available to amend a prescription?

<p>Obtain verbal authorization to make the change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT fall under the process of good dispensing practices?

<p>Delivering the wrong strength of medicine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is crucial when handling prescriptions that require clarification?

<p>Document the changes made on the prescription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be screened after receiving a prescription?

<p>Potential drug interactions and contraindications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there are discrepancies in the dosage mentioned in the prescription?

<p>Consult with the prescriber for clarification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a comorbidity issue that needs attention during prescription interpretation?

<p>Drug allergies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the prescription details provided by the doctor?

<p>Physician's credentials and location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of counter-checking in medication dispensing?

<p>To confirm that the medicines match the prescription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does proper record keeping in dispensing facilitate?

<p>Good management and monitoring of services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5Rs to be followed when issuing medicines to the patient?

<p>Right Patient, Right Medicine, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'dose' defined in medication terminology?

<p>The amount of medicine a patient is given at one time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with poisons sold in private facilities?

<p>They should be recorded in a Prescription Book on the day of sale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum dose?

<p>The highest dose tolerated without undesirable effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is medication counselling particularly encouraged?

<p>For patients with chronic diseases on multiple medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of initialing on the prescription after counter-checking?

<p>To document that counter-checking has taken place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of container should be used for packing loose capsules or tablets?

<p>A clean, dry container (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following details is NOT required on the compounding worksheet?

<p>Cost of ingredients used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for checking the compounding worksheets?

<p>A knowledgeable staff member and then a pharmacist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the labeling of medicines for external use?

<p>The words 'Not to be Taken' or 'For External Use Only' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with compounding worksheets or record books?

<p>Keep them for at least two years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which label is important for controlled medicines?

<p>Controlled Medicine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is essential to include in the dosage labeling?

<p>Directions for use including dose and frequency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a required detail when filling medicines according to a prescription?

<p>Correlation with the prescription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the preparation labeling besides the patient's name?

<p>Generic and/or trade names of the medicines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution needs to be taken when labeling sedating drugs?

<p>Label should indicate 'May cause drowsiness' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is dispensing?

The process of preparing and supplying medicines to patients, including providing information, counselling, and follow-up.

Screening of Prescription

The process of receiving, interpreting, and evaluating a prescription before dispensing the medicine.

Preparation of Medicines

Preparing the medicine as prescribed, including measuring, mixing, and packaging.

Supplying the Medicines

The act of giving the medicine to the patient after preparation and labeling.

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Counselling

Providing information to the patient about the medication, including its purpose, dosage, side effects, and how to use it safely.

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Rational Use of Medicines

The practice of using medicines rationally and effectively to meet the clinical needs of patients.

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Judicious Use of Medicines

Medicines are only used when truly necessary and appropriate for the patient's condition.

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Safe Use of Medicines

Using medicines in a way that minimizes the risk of harm to the patient.

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Good Dispensing Practice

Ensuring the right medication, dose, frequency, strength, dosage form, and quantity are delivered to the appropriate patient with clear instructions and proper packaging to maintain quality and efficacy.

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Prescription Screening

The process of examining a prescription to verify its accuracy, completeness, and compliance with regulations.

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Valid Prescription Information

The details required on a prescription include the patient's name, address, identification number, drug regimen, doctor's signature, stamp, registration number, doctor's name and address, and date of prescribing.

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Prescription Interpretation

Analyzing a prescription to identify potential issues like drug interactions, duplications, polypharmacy, inappropriate therapy, contra-indications, allergies, and unusual usage.

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Handling Prescriptions Needing Clarification

When a prescription requires clarification, contact the prescriber directly to obtain necessary information.

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Authorization for Prescription Changes

If a prescriber cannot be contacted directly, obtain verbal authorization over the phone to make necessary changes to the prescription.

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Documentation of Prescription Amendments

Document all amendments made to a prescription, including the date, time, and initials of the person making the change, and confirm the changes with the prescriber.

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Partial Medicine Supply

When dispensing a partial supply of medication, ensure that the subsequent refills do not exceed the quantity prescribed for the duration of treatment.

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Handling Prescriptions When Out of Stock: Prescriber Not Reachable

If the prescriber can't be reached, tell the patient and send the prescription back with a note about what needs to be clarified.

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Handling Prescriptions When Out of Stock: Patient Agrees to Buy Later

If the patient agrees to buy the medicine later, make sure you have enough in stock to give it to them promptly.

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Handling Prescriptions When Out of Stock: Patient Purchases From Pharmacy

Copy the prescription for the patient, especially if it's a poison.

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Handling Prescriptions When Out of Stock: Patient Needs Medicine Urgently

If the patient needs the medicine urgently, contact the prescriber to see if you can substitute it with something else that's available.

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Substitution of Medicines

The prescriber MUST approve any medicine substitution, and it should be documented on the prescription.

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Preparing Medicines: Selecting the Right Medicine

Always double-check the medicine name and strength against the prescription when selecting it. Read the label twice.

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Preparing Medicines: Checking Expiry Dates

Make sure the medicines you dispense are not expired. Check the expiry date.

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Preparing Medicines: Packaging and Handling

Dispense medicines in their original packaging whenever possible. Don't remove tablets or capsules from the blister pack.

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Counter-checking

Checking dispensed medication against the prescription, ensuring accuracy before delivery.

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Proper record-keeping

Maintaining records of dispensing activity, including medicines sold, date, and patient details, for monitoring and tracking.

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5Rs of dispensing

Ensuring the right patient receives the right medicine in the correct dose, route, and time.

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Medication counselling

Providing patients with information and advice on how to use their medication correctly.

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Dose

The specific amount of medicine to be taken at one time.

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Dosage

The total amount of medicine to be taken over a specific period.

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Minimum dose

The lowest dose that provides the intended therapeutic effect in most patients.

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Maximum dose

The highest dose that can be tolerated without causing significant side effects in most patients.

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Filling Prescriptions for Loose Medicines

Filling prescriptions for loose capsules or tablets involves placing them into a clean, dry container, like a bottle or plastic envelope, to maintain product quality.

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Extemporaneous Prescription Preparation

An extemporaneous preparation is a medicine made specifically for a patient, based on their unique needs, when no readily available commercial product exists.

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Labeling Extemporaneous Preparations

When preparing a custom medicine, it's important to label it accurately, including the expiry date, and any special instructions for storage or usage.

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Verification of Compounding Worksheets

Worksheet for compounding extemporaneous preparations should be checked by a staff member with expertise in compounding and counter-checked by a pharmacist or another qualified professional.

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Record Keeping for Extemporaneous Preparations

Extemporaneous preparation worksheets should be kept on file for at least two years for documentation and reference purposes.

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Information on the Compounding Worksheet

The worksheet should include the formula used, quantities of ingredients, manufacturer and lot numbers, patient's information, names of those involved, and the date it was made.

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Labeling Dispensed Medicines

When dispensing medication, it must be labeled with the hospital/clinic/pharmacy's information, patient's name, medicine name, dosage form and strength, directions, date of supply, and expiry date.

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Labelling Controlled Medicines

Controlled medicines should be clearly labeled as such, indicating it's a regulated substance.

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Labelling Medicines for External Use

Medicines for external use should be dispensed in suitable containers and clearly labeled as such, with the phrase "Not to be Taken" or "For External Use Only" in both English and Bahasa Malaysia.

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Special Precautionary Labels

Special precautionary labels should be used for certain medicines, such as "Complete the course" for antibiotics, or "May cause drowsiness" for sedating drugs.

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Study Notes

Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice

  • Principles of Dispensing:

    • The practice of preparing and dispensing medications to patients
    • Essential for ensuring appropriate clinical needs are met
    • Includes dispensing procedures, personnel, and good dispensing practices
    • The process involves interpretation and labelling of prescriptions, followed by safe and hygienic dispensing.
    • Proper instruction, both written and verbal, is crucial for successful dispensing.

  • Dispensing Procedures:

    • Steps involved in dispensing medication include: receiving, interpreting, and evaluating the prescription—selecting, labeling, and packing the medicine—providing information and instructions to the patient.
    • Recording the amount dispensed is important to maintain accurate stock balance.

  • Who should be involved?

    • Healthcare professionals (Registered medical practitioner/dentist/pharmacist) should be involved in screening prescriptions
    • Pharmacists, registered medical practitioners, or those under pharmacist supervision should prepare the medication.
    • Registered medical practitioners, dentists, or pharmacists should supply the medicines to the patients.
    • Healthcare professionals should give patients the necessary advice and instructions.

  • Dispensing Personnel requirements:

    • Personnel need appropriate training
    • Understanding common uses, doses, and precautions
    • Knowledge of side effects and interactions
    • Proficiency in calculation skills
    • Effective communication skills are vital to patients

  • Process of Good Dispensing Practices:

    • Delivery of correct medicines
    • Provision of required dosage forms, dose, strength, and frequency to the appropriate patient.
    • Clear written and verbal methods of instructions
    • Proper packaging for maintaining medicine quality.

  • Processing the Prescription (Screening):

    • Validation is necessary to ensure the prescription is for the right patient and adheres to Poison Act regulations.
    • Prescriptions should be thoroughly checked to identify incompatibilities.
    • Consult the prescriber for any required changes.

  • Prescription Validation:

  • Detailed information should be available

  • Patient details (name, address, identification)

  • Prescription details (medication name, dose, frequency, duration, administration, doctor's details and signature)

  • Date is required

  • Interpreting the Prescription:

    • Careful examination for potential issues crucial.
    • The process includes assessing dosage, frequency, duration, drug interactions, inappropriate therapies, contra-indications, allergies, unusual usage, and possible misuse.
    • Note that partial supply should not exceed prescribed quantity for the duration.

  • Handling Prescriptions Requiring Clarification:

    • Contact the prescriber directly if available to clear incomplete or missing details.
    • If unavailable, obtain verbal approval for changes and document these on the prescription.
    • When a prescriber cannot be contacted, patients should be informed.
    • Any changes to be documented on the patient's medical record by the prescriber.

  • Handling Prescriptions in Stock-Out Situations:

    • Notify the prescriber and patient if a medicine is out of stock
    • Consider suitable substitutions

  • Preparing the Medicines (Filling of Prescription):

    • Verify correct selection of medications, especially those with similar names or packaging.
      • Double-check medicine, name, and strength.
    • Examine expiry dates of medicines.

  • Preparing the Medicines: (Packing/ Filling)

    • Original packaging preferred, avoid removal of tablets or capsules from protective packaging.
    • Loose packs should be handled with care to avoid contamination.
    • Secure packaging of medicines for quality and product integrity after dispensing.

  • Preparing the Medicines (Extemporaneous Preparation/Compounding--):

    • Preparation occurs when commercially available drugs are not suitable.
    • Compounding needs preparation worksheets checked by qualified personnel and counterchecked for accuracy and completeness.

  • Preparing the Medicines (Labeling) – Part 1:

    • Providing patient details, medicine name, strength, dosage form, instructions, date of supply, and expiry date are essential.

  • Preparing the Medicines (Labeling) - Part 2:

    • "Controlled/Dangerous drugs" need special labeling (e.g. red background)
    • Provide additional warnings and precautions
      • This helps avoid accidental and improper use.

  • Preparing the Medicines Checking:

  • Check if the dispensed medicine matches the prescription

  • Counter-checking:

    • Second person required for counterchecking (who wasn't involved in filling/labeling)
    • Verify the accuracy of dispensed medications and prescription details
    • The person doing the counter-checking should sign their initials on the prescription.

  • Recording:

    • Essential for efficient management
    • Maintaining records of dispensing data of patient
    • Include stock verification, sale of poisons, and psychotropic substances in dispensing records

  • Issuing Medicines to the Patient:

    • 5Rs (Right Patient, Right Medicine, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time) crucial.
    • Validate patient identity (ID).
    • Proper instructions for usage and dosage

  • Medication Counselling:

    • Counselling must be provided in specific cases concerning medication usage.

  • Counsel patients with chronic conditions on multiple medications to assist in appropriate use.

  • Keep records of counselling activities.

  • Anatomy of a Proprietary Drug Label:

    • Includes information about the manufacturer, brand name, generic name, strength, and quantity

  • Interpretation of Dose/Amount Information:

  • Different terms include dose, minimum dose, maximum dose, and toxic dose, each with a specific definition.

  • Dosage vs Dose

  • Dose is the quantity for single instance usage and dosage the total amount in a period of time

  • Minimum dose is the smallest amount for effectiveness, maximum dose is the maximal tolerable amount for the average patient

  • Toxic dose is the amount which can cause dangerous physical or chemical effects

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of dispensing medications in pharmacy practice. This quiz covers the essential procedures, roles of healthcare professionals, and the importance of accurate prescription handling. Assess your understanding of safe and hygienic dispensing practices.

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