Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Chemical Reactions

Organic Chemistry is one of the most fundamental branches of chemistry, dealing with carbon and its compounds. Atomic structure plays a central role in this field, where chemists study how atoms bond together into molecules through covalent bonds, which involve sharing electrons between atoms. These bonds can form complex networks called molecular structures, leading to various properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubility, density, and refractive indexes. Chemical reactions occur when these bonds break and new ones form, allowing organic compounds to react under different conditions to produce useful products. Some common reactions studied by organic chemists include addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement, oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. Understanding these processes allows us to synthesize, analyze, and manipulate organic materials effectively.