Fundamentals of Nursing Chapter 5: Evidence-Based Practice

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of evidence-based practice in clinical settings?

To reduce the cost of healthcare services

To ensure that nurses follow hospital policies and procedures

To increase the workload of healthcare professionals

To combine the best evidence with a clinician's expertise and patient preferences (correct)

What is the source of the best scientific evidence according to the text?

Expert opinions of healthcare professionals

Agency policies and procedure manuals

Well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals (correct)

Quality improvement data and existing clinical practice guidelines

What is the first step of evidence-based practice?

Critically appraise the evidence

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry (correct)

Search for the best evidence

Ask a clinical question in PICOT format

What does the 'I' in PICOT format stand for?

Intervention of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of searching for the best evidence in evidence-based practice?

To find the best available evidence to answer a clinical question Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of cultivating a spirit of inquiry in evidence-based practice institutions?

Nurses are encouraged to question practices and consistently use EBP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of critically appraising the evidence in evidence-based practice?

To evaluate the credibility and relevance of the evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice?

To apply the best available evidence to patient care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a step in the scientific method?

Developing a research question Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of outcomes research?

The benefits and risks of a treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pilot study in evidence-based practice?

To test the feasibility of a practice change Signup and view all the answers

Who are the key stakeholders involved in evidence-based practice?

Nurses, educators, and librarians Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of performance improvement?

To evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of critically appraising the evidence in evidence-based practice?

To evaluate the scientific rigor of the evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sustaining knowledge use in evidence-based practice?

To incorporate the change into the culture and practice environment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the best evidence with a clinician's expertise, patient preferences and values, and healthcare resources in making decisions about patient care.
The best scientific evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals.

Steps of Evidence-Based Practice

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry: constantly questioning current practices leads to consistent use of EBP.
Ask a clinical question in PICOT format: P = Patient population of interest, I = Intervention of interest, C = Comparison of interest, O = Outcome, T = Time.
Search for the best evidence: sources include agency policy, procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines, journal articles, and asking experts for help.
Critically appraise the evidence: synthesize or combine findings, consider the scientific rigor of the evidence and whether it has application in practice, and use a systematic approach to determine the value, feasibility, and usefulness of evidence.
Integrate the evidence: apply the research in your plan of care for a patient, use evidence as rationale, educate about the change, and incorporate into policies and procedures.
Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decision or change: determine if the change was effective, if modifications are needed, and if the change should be discontinued.
Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision: share with clinical staff, nursing practice council, clinicians, and professional conferences and meetings.

The Need for Evidence-Based Practice

Institutions that demonstrate a culture of EBP encourage nurses to question practices and have a consistent use of EBP.

Scientific Method

Make an observation, ask questions, gather information, analyze the literature, form a research question or hypothesis, conduct a study using scientific rigor, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
Types of research studies: quantitative research (experimental research, nonexperimental research, surveys) and qualitative research (inductive reasoning).

Nursing Research

Nursing research is a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively.
Many professional and specialty nursing organizations support the conduct of research for advancing nursing science.
Translation research phases: preclinical and animal studies, phase 1 clinical trials, phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, phase 4 clinical trials and outcomes research, and phase 5 population-level outcomes research.
Outcomes research helps patients, healthcare providers, and those in healthcare policy make informed decisions based on current evidence.
Outcomes research focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients.

Performance Improvement

Performance improvement is a formal approach for the analysis of healthcare-related processes that reviews how existing interventions within a process function.
Performance improvement programs focus on processes or systems that significantly contribute to outcomes.

The Relationship Among EBP, Research, and PI

EBP uses information from research and other sources to determine safe and effective nursing care with the goal of improving patient care and outcomes.
Research is a systematic inquiry that answers questions, solves problems, and contributes to the generalizable knowledge base of nursing.
Performance improvement improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and health system efficiency, and results are usually not generalizable.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of evidence-based practice in nursing, including its problem-solving approach that combines clinician expertise, patient preferences, and healthcare resources. Learn about the need for EBP in clinical practice.