Fundamentals of Nursing

Fundamentals of Nursing

• Nursing is both an art and a science
• Delivering care with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient's dignity and individuality is the art of nursing
• Nursing practice as a science is based on knowledge and evidence-based practices that continually changes with new discoveries and innovations.
• The quality of patient care improves through the integration of the art and science of nursing, benefiting patients and their families

Nursing as a Profession

• The patient is the focal point, and depending on the setting, patients may include individuals, families, or communities
• Patients' healthcare needs, knowledge, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations can vary significantly
• Nursing requires specific skills and training

Science and Art of Nursing Practice

• Nursing requires a blend of current knowledge and practice standards with an insightful and compassionate approach to patient care
• Clinical expertise requires time and commitment
• Providing well-thought-out care with compassion ensures patients receive the best of both the science and art of nursing care

Scope and Standards of Practice

• Providing specified services according to standards of practice and following a code of ethics is essential when providing care
• Professional practice requires knowledge from social, behavioral, biological, and physiological sciences, as well as nursing theories
• According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 2021, nursing includes both the art and science of caring
• The focus is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, facilitate healing, and alleviate suffering through compassionate presence Nursing involves diagnosing and treating human responses
• Nursing is an advocacy for the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations, recognizing the connection of all humanity
• In 2021 the International Council of Nurses (ICN) stated nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care
• Nursing is for all individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, in all settings, whether sick or well
• This includes the promotion of health, ill prevention, and care for the ill, disabled, and dying patients
• Advocacy, promoting a safe environment, research, and participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems also form part of nursing

American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Nursing Practice

• Assessment involves collecting all pertinent data and information relative to the patient’s health
• Diagnosis consists of analyzing the assessment data to determine potential problems and issues
• To identify what expected from a plan of care, an outcome identification must be done
• Planning the care the nurse develops a strategical plan to meet expected outcomes
• Implementation comprises with Coordination of Care and Health Teaching and Health Promotion strategies by the registered nurse
• Evaluation requires a nurse to look at the patient, and to progress toward their goals

American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Professional Performance

• Registered nurses are required to integrate ethics into all their practice
• Nurses required to advocate for their clients
• A nurse must act respectively and equitably
• Nurses must practice respectfully, professionally and inclusively in all communication
• Nurses must collaborate with all healthcare members
• Registered nurses need to seek knowledge and have competence for their work
• Registered nurses required to integrate scholarship and evidence into their practice
• Registered nurses must evaluate outcomes to provide that needed care safely and effectively

Code of Ethics

• The nursing code of ethics is a statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong
• These ideals define principles used to provide care to patients

Professional Responsibilities and Roles

• Nurses must provide care and comfort to patients across various healthcare settings
• Concern for meeting patients' needs remains consistent, whether focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, disease and symptom management, family support, or end-of-life care
• Autonomy is crucial in professional nursing, allowing nurses to initiate independent interventions without needing medical orders
• Nurses help patients maintain or regain health, manage illnesses and symptoms to reach the highest level of function and independence
• As patient advocates, nurses protect all human and legal rights
• Patient educators are valuable for patients' health and recovery
• With ability to effectively teach and improve patients' knowledge, skills, self-care activities, and empower them to make informed decisions
• Communicators are central to developing successful relationships with patients, patients, families, group, and communities
• This role allows nurses to determine needs and establish parameters for a plan of care
• Nurse managers facilitate collaborative environments for collaborative patient-centered care and the use of save evidence based practice for desired patient outcomes

Career Development

• Most nurses provide direct (hands-on) patient care in acute care settings as clinicians
• Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) are independently functioning nurses who are required to have a Master's degree or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• In nursing, the advanced education focuses on advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment; certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice.

Career Paths for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses include

• Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Nurse Practioner
• Certified nurse-midwife
• Certified registered nurse anesthetist
• Nurse educators work in all levels of nursing education
• Nurse educators need clinical experiences and theoretical knowledge
• Nurse Administrator is involved with the nursing staff in a healthcare agency
• Nurse Researchers focuses on evidence-based practice, performance improvement, and contribute to nursing care

Historical Influences

• Understanding the history of nursing expands our understanding of the social and intellectual origins of the nursing discipline
• Florence Nightingale founded the first nursing philosophy centered around health maintenance and restoration, becoming the first practicing nurse epidemiologist
• Her analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery rates
• During the Crimean War in 1853, she volunteered in battlefield hospitals at night with the use of a lamp, becoming known as "the lady with the lamp"
• Poor conditions in the battlefield hospitals lead to the need to ensure sanitation, nutrition, and basic care
• Clara Barton established the American Red Cross
• Dorothea and Harriet Tubman were key figures during the Civil War
• Dix and Bickerdyke organized hospitals and cared for fallen soldiers
• Mary Mahoney was the first nurse to advocate for inclusion, diversity and African American rights
• Isabel Hampton Robb founded the Nurses' Associated Alumnae
• The Henry Street Settlement was founded by Mary Brewster which was known as the Street Settlement in 1893
• Movement towards research, nursing knowledge. Mary Adelaide Nutting became the first nursing professor
• Magnet Recognition Program. Creation of organizations (AORN, INS, ENA). ANA established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights

Contemporary Influences on Nursing

• Self-care for nurses is essential
• Self-care allows nurses to remain compassionate
• Compassion fatigue, characterized by secondary traumatic stress, can result from grief and loss exposure
• Compassion fatigue from results prolonged emotional involvement without improved patient outcomes
• Burnout arises when demands go beyond what resources are provided and becomes physical and emotional
• Workplace environments that have good recognition can help manage burnout

Additional Influences on Nursing

• Community-based, and health focuses on promoting safety, and improving patient outcomes.
• Nurses must know how to improve performance economically
• There is an increasing aging population which shifts populations
• By 2030, all baby boomers will be over 65, and there's an increase of expanded care
• There's a shift from rural to urban, with urban areas leading towards patients demanding constant community care, and safety

Medically Underserved Populations and Nurses

• Social issues that contributes to the medically underserved, includes homelessness, healthcare costs population
• This group struggles to have access to care
• Rising number of home based palliative care services
• A Low number in health literacy can lead to less participation

Trends in Nursing: Summary

• The plan of care for nursing has multiple things with a high patient safety
• Philosophies and technologies are constantly evolving
• Nursing current must have a holistic view when dealing with patients

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP

• In evidence based practice, the care must have sound judgements
• Evidence, should base off education for the client base
• It is more easy for patients to read the information

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

• QSEN aims to have nurses with skills
• Safety, informatics and skill based pre icensure

Key QSEN Competencies

• Patient-Centered Car involve family and friends provide with sensitivity and respect.
• Teamwork Functioning efficiently.
• Evidence-based knowledge of scientific methods.
• Quality Improvement monitors outcome helps
• Safety minimizes risk
• Informatics protects health documents

Nursing Technologies that Improve Care

Technologies like EHR, and telehealth has improve by increase access through data management

• Data helps the nurse get a better read through communication
• Patients require the nurse to understand technologies

Role of Nurses in Genomics

• Nurses can increase genomic
• Quality access for testing

Public Perception of Nursing

• The largest population in health is nurse
• Patients can now see health information through public perception

Nursing's Impact on Politics and Health Policy

• Nurses will see improvements through health
• This includes high education standards

Professional Registered Nurse Education

• BSN and 4 year program covering sciences
• Theory graduate school educators

Nurses must be prepared to have

• Doctorate applying nurse science

Continuing and In-Service Education

• Nurse updates are provided new information.
• Skills are enhanced throught new safety instructions provided by the state

Nursing Practice

• The public is more safe for nurses
• Vary state bonds

What Must Nurse Candidates Do:

• They are required to pass NPLEX
• Follow with setting.

Nursing Organizations and What They Do:

• Address issues related to nursing practice
• Offer specialty-focused support
• Provide educational programs, and development
• Student Organizations: support nurses

This quiz covers essential nursing concepts, including the art and science of nursing, patient-centered care, and the roles of nurse educators, administrators, and researchers. It also touches on the historical contributions of Florence Nightingale.