Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which topology has no traffic problems and is robust against link failures?
Which topology has no traffic problems and is robust against link failures?
- Ring topology
- Mesh topology (correct)
- Hybrid topology
- Star topology
What is a characteristic of a ring topology?
What is a characteristic of a ring topology?
- A signal passes to adjacent devices in one direction. (correct)
- Every device is connected to every other device.
- It requires no additional hardware components.
- Signals travel in both directions.
Which mode of transmission allows both devices to transmit and receive at the same time?
Which mode of transmission allows both devices to transmit and receive at the same time?
- Half-duplex
- Multicast
- Full-duplex (correct)
- Simplex
Which component is NOT part of a data communication system?
Which component is NOT part of a data communication system?
What is the primary role of the receiver in a data communication system?
What is the primary role of the receiver in a data communication system?
Which of the following describes an intranet?
Which of the following describes an intranet?
What is a common disadvantage of mesh topology?
What is a common disadvantage of mesh topology?
What does the term 'multiplexing' refer to in communication systems?
What does the term 'multiplexing' refer to in communication systems?
Which of the following describes the transmitter's function in a communication model?
Which of the following describes the transmitter's function in a communication model?
What type of network allows external parties limited access to its resources?
What type of network allows external parties limited access to its resources?
What is meant by 'protocol' in data communications?
What is meant by 'protocol' in data communications?
What type of transmission is described as unidirectional?
What type of transmission is described as unidirectional?
Which topology combines characteristics of two different topologies?
Which topology combines characteristics of two different topologies?
Which is a key task related to signal generation in communication systems?
Which is a key task related to signal generation in communication systems?
What is the purpose of error detection and correction in communication systems?
What is the purpose of error detection and correction in communication systems?
Which of the following devices could NOT be considered a sender in a data communication system?
Which of the following devices could NOT be considered a sender in a data communication system?
What term is used to describe the capability of a communication link to transmit data in a given time?
What term is used to describe the capability of a communication link to transmit data in a given time?
Which type of transmission medium guides signals along a specific path?
Which type of transmission medium guides signals along a specific path?
Which type of connection involves sharing a link among multiple devices?
Which type of connection involves sharing a link among multiple devices?
What is NOT included in the examples of electromagnetic signals?
What is NOT included in the examples of electromagnetic signals?
Which type of link allows signals to propagate directly from transmitter to receiver without intermediate devices?
Which type of link allows signals to propagate directly from transmitter to receiver without intermediate devices?
Which of the following is an example of unguided transmission media?
Which of the following is an example of unguided transmission media?
Which of the following uses of computer networks primarily involves sharing resources?
Which of the following uses of computer networks primarily involves sharing resources?
What distinguishes a business-to-business transaction in e-commerce?
What distinguishes a business-to-business transaction in e-commerce?
Which of the following describes how NRZ-L represents digital data?
Which of the following describes how NRZ-L represents digital data?
What is a primary characteristic of NRZ-I signaling?
What is a primary characteristic of NRZ-I signaling?
What are the pros of using NRZ encoding?
What are the pros of using NRZ encoding?
What is a common disadvantage of NRZ encoding?
What is a common disadvantage of NRZ encoding?
How does the Manchester encoding scheme represent binary data?
How does the Manchester encoding scheme represent binary data?
In what scenario is NRZ encoding typically used?
In what scenario is NRZ encoding typically used?
What does a low-to-high transition indicate in Manchester encoding?
What does a low-to-high transition indicate in Manchester encoding?
Which component of NRZ encoding often causes synchronization issues?
Which component of NRZ encoding often causes synchronization issues?
What is the purpose of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)?
What is the purpose of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)?
Which step in Pulse Code Modulation involves measuring the value of continuous data?
Which step in Pulse Code Modulation involves measuring the value of continuous data?
What is a primary reason for using modulation techniques with analog data?
What is a primary reason for using modulation techniques with analog data?
Which of the following is NOT a principal technique for modulation of analog data?
Which of the following is NOT a principal technique for modulation of analog data?
What is the function of multiplexing in communication?
What is the function of multiplexing in communication?
Which of the following forms of multiplexing is primarily used for digital signals?
Which of the following forms of multiplexing is primarily used for digital signals?
Which term describes the process of retrieving original channels from a multiplexed signal?
Which term describes the process of retrieving original channels from a multiplexed signal?
Which of the following statements about analog signals is true?
Which of the following statements about analog signals is true?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Overview of Computers in Networking
- Computers include personal computers (PCs), workstations, hubs, switches, and routers.
- Can be located anywhere geographically: no forced connections to start or stop other computers.
Data Communication System Components
- Message: Information communicated (text, images, sound, etc.).
- Sender: Information source device (e.g., computer, video camera).
- Receiver: Destination device for the information.
- Medium: Physical path for message transmission from sender to receiver.
- Protocol: Set of rules governing data communication; agreement between devices.
Key Elements of Communication Model
- Source: Generates data to transmit (e.g., telephones, PCs).
- Transmitter: Encodes information to produce electromagnetic signals.
- Transmission System: Network or line connecting source to destination.
- Receiver: Accepts signal and converts it for use by the destination device.
- Destination: Receives incoming data from the receiver.
Key Communication Tasks
- Transmission System Utilization: Efficient use of shared transmission facilities, utilizing:
- Multiplexing techniques
- Congestion control
- Signal Generation: Properties must allow propagation and interpretation as data.
- Error Detection and Correction: Systems should detect and correct communication errors.
Network Topologies
- Ring: Point-to-point connections between each device; signals pass one direction.
- Mesh: Each device has links to all others; robust but costly due to cabling and ports.
- Hybrid: Combination of multiple topologies, such as star-bus.
Internetworking
- Connections among various types of networks (public, private, governmental).
- Types of networks:
- Intranet: Network managed by a single entity.
- Internet: Global interconnection of networks.
- Extranet: Private network accessible to external partners.
Modes of Transmission
- Simplex: Unidirectional transmission, one device sends (e.g., TV).
- Half-duplex: Bidirectional but not simultaneous (e.g., walkie-talkie).
- Full-duplex: Simultaneous transmission and reception (e.g., telephone).
Transmission Media
- Carries signals from transmitter to receiver through electromagnetic signals.
- Signal types include power, voice, radio waves, etc., traveling through various media.
- Bandwidth measures data transfer capacity (bits per second).
- Two categories:
- Guided: Cables direct signal (e.g., Fiber Optics, Twisted Pair).
- Unguided: Wireless media, signals travel without specific path guidance (e.g., Radio waves).
Types of Connections
- Point-to-point: Dedicated link between two devices.
- Multipoint: Multiple devices share a single link.
- Direct link: Transmitter to receiver without intermediaries.
- Indirect link: Systems connected through switched communication networks.
Applications of Computer Networks
- Resource sharing: Access to programs, data, and equipment.
- Communication: E-mail and collaborative online document editing.
- Videoconferencing: Meetings with audio and video communication.
- E-commerce: Online business transactions between companies and consumers.
Digital Encoding Techniques
- NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero): Uses voltage levels for binary representation.
- NRZ-L: Different voltage for 1s and 0s.
- NRZ-I: Voltage changes indicate 1, no change indicates 0.
- Pros: Simple engineering and efficient bandwidth use.
- Cons: Lack of synchronization and issues with long sequences of the same value.
Modulation Techniques for Analog Data
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): Converts analog signals into digital form.
- Sampling, quantizing, and transforming to binary values.
- Modulation Methods: Techniques for varying frequency, amplitude, or phase:
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Phase Modulation (PM)
Multiplexing
- Combines multiple signals into one over shared media.
- Allows efficient use of capacity; requires demultiplexing on the receiver end.
- Basic forms include:
- Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) for digital signals.
- Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) for analog signals.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
