Fundamentals of Management - Chapter 7
109 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of organizational development (O D)?

  • Changing organizational structures
  • Increasing profit margins
  • Implementing new technologies
  • Improving interpersonal work relationships (correct)

    • Which of the following is not a reason people resist change?

  • Increased workload (correct)
  • Uncertainty
  • Concern over personal loss
  • Habit

    • Which technique is most appropriate when resistance is due to misinformation?

  • Education and communication (correct)
  • Participation
  • Coercion
  • Negotiation

    • What advantage does participation offer in managing resistance to change?

    <p>Increases involvement and acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using negotiation as a technique to reduce resistance to change?

    <p>Potentially high costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the technique of coercion typically used?

    <p>When a powerful group's endorsement is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of manipulation and co-optation as a change technique?

    <p>It may cause distrust among stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is likely to be least effective where mutual trust is lacking?

    <p>Education and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Action Research in organizational change?

    <p>Changing employee attitudes and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach emphasizes strengths to envision the potential future of an organization?

    <p>Appreciative Inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT related to effective communication during change?

    <p>Information is kept secretive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stress is considered functional and can enhance performance during crucial times?

    <p>Functional stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a job-related factor that can cause stress?

    <p>Personal relationships outside of work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is suggested to help reduce stress in the workplace?

    <p>Controlling job-related factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do managers have in ensuring effective communication during change?

    <p>They should share responsibility for employee communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is identified as a common stressor in the workplace?

    <p>Task demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of organizational change?

    <p>Any alteration of people, structure, or technology in an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphor describes a planned change process involving three steps?

    <p>The Calm Waters Metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a change agent play in an organization?

    <p>To act as a catalyst for managing the change process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an external force that may necessitate organizational change?

    <p>Technology advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the White-Water Rapids Metaphor signify in terms of organizational change?

    <p>Change is constant and often requires immediate adaptations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of internal forces that necessitate change in an organization?

    <p>Changes in the workforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the 'refreezing' step in the change process?

    <p>To help staff become accustomed to new processes and stabilize the changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective management of resistance to change involve?

    <p>Communicating openly and involving employees in the change process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program is designed to assist employees with personal issues?

    <p>Employee assistance programs (EAPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested method for reducing employee stress?

    <p>Improving organizational communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the four-step process of creativity?

    <p>Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural variable enhances innovation in organizations?

    <p>Organic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does innovation primarily refer?

    <p>The process of generating and executing creative ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural aspect is associated with innovative organizations?

    <p>Acceptance of ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the steps that can help in matching employees' abilities to job requirements?

    <p>Realistic job previews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers foster creativity within the workplace?

    <p>By minimizing external controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a change agent in an organization?

    <p>To facilitate and manage the change process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the calm waters metaphor in organizational change?

    <p>Change is a planned process with three distinct stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is an internal force that necessitates organizational change?

    <p>Changes in employee attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the refreezing step in the change process aim to achieve?

    <p>To ensure changes are solidified and become part of the organization's norm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do external forces typically influence the need for organizational change?

    <p>By creating new marketplace demands or regulatory changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of managing innovation, what is a key characteristic of innovative organizations?

    <p>Encouraging autonomy and creativity among employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of employee stress management is crucial for managers?

    <p>Being aware of stressors and supporting employees effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphor suggests that organizations face constant challenges and change?

    <p>White-Water Rapids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for resistance to change in organizations?

    <p>Concern over personal loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is likely to enhance involvement and acceptance among resistors when they have relevant expertise?

    <p>Participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is coercion typically viewed as an appropriate technique in managing resistance?

    <p>When faced with powerful group resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of the facilitation and support technique?

    <p>Possibility of high costs with no guarantee of success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy may backfire, causing the change agent to lose credibility?

    <p>Manipulation and co-optation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using education and communication as a technique to manage resistance?

    <p>Builds understanding and clears up misunderstandings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect can increase resistance when change is planned?

    <p>Habits formed over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique for managing resistance is characterized by high costs and lack of guaranteed success?

    <p>Facilitation and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of the creativity process?

    <p>Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural variable is known to positively influence innovation?

    <p>Organic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can hinder creative activities within an organization?

    <p>Extreme time pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is characteristic of innovative organizational cultures?

    <p>Tolerating conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to help reduce ambiguity in a job role?

    <p>Use realistic job previews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following programs can help employees manage personal stress effectively?

    <p>Employee assistance programs (EAPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central approach of Action Research concerning organizational change?

    <p>Changing employee attitudes and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step of the innovation process comes after incubation?

    <p>Inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered crucial for effective communication during organizational change?

    <p>Encouraging one-way communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended method for improving organizational innovation?

    <p>Encouraging frequent communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stress is characterized as having a chance to enhance performance at crucial times?

    <p>Functional stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is identified as a job-related factor that could cause stress in the workplace?

    <p>Interpersonal demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Appreciative Inquiry in organizational change?

    <p>Focusing on strengths to envision future possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is suggested for effectively reducing stress in the workplace?

    <p>Improving communication and working conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mistake might managers make when leading organizational change?

    <p>Initiating change with no support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does two-way communication play during organizational change?

    <p>It fosters trust and understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a formal group within an organization?

    <p>It is defined by the organization’s structure and has designated tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a work team compared to a work group?

    <p>Collective performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a cross-functional team?

    <p>A team made up of employees with different functional expertise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of group development do conflicts typically arise?

    <p>Storming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of group behavior describes the shared standards or expectations among members?

    <p>Norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of informal groups in the workplace?

    <p>To foster professional relationships among employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group size is generally believed to reduce social loafing?

    <p>5-7 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of group development, what stage typically involves establishing ground rules and goals?

    <p>Forming stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the accountability structure within a work group?

    <p>Individual accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a problem-solving team?

    <p>Members belong to the same department and focus on specific work issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do teams achieve synergy in organizational settings?

    <p>Through collaborative efforts that enhance group output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role type is characterized by behaviors that focus on task completion?

    <p>Action-oriented roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage in Tuckman's model is characterized by the team becoming fully functional?

    <p>Performing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interdependence in group settings?

    <p>It helps members share a common goal that requires cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social loafing in the context of group dynamics?

    <p>Reduced effort when working in a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misunderstanding about groups and teams?

    <p>Groups and teams can differ based on their purpose and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common phenomenon in larger groups that can lead to reduced individual effort?

    <p>Belief that others are not contributing fairly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not identified as a contextual factor leading to team effectiveness?

    <p>Motivation levels of individual members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do diversity and team size play in team effectiveness?

    <p>They can create challenges that may hinder effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT related to work design that affects team effectiveness?

    <p>Member preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is team effectiveness typically measured?

    <p>Team member satisfaction and productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contextual factor increases trust and performance in teams?

    <p>Climate of trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of allocating roles within a team?

    <p>To clarify responsibilities and improve effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Team Effectiveness Model?

    <p>Company culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of self-managed teams?

    <p>They have high autonomy and manage their own work process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes advisory teams?

    <p>Teams that provide recommendations to decision-makers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a virtual team?

    <p>A team that utilizes technology to connect dispersed members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do work teams differ from work groups?

    <p>Work teams engage in intense collaboration towards a common goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of synergy in a work team?

    <p>Combined efforts yield results greater than the sum of individual efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the main function of a problem-solving team?

    <p>They seek to improve specific organizational issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about self-managed teams is correct?

    <p>They are responsible for both management and execution of work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for the effectiveness of work groups?

    <p>Sharing information to enhance individual job performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a common purpose play in team effectiveness?

    <p>It provides direction, momentum, and commitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict is characterized by disagreement about content or tasks?

    <p>Task conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective strategy for minimizing social loafing in teams?

    <p>Asking each other questions and seeking advice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in shaping a team's behaviour?

    <p>Selection of team members suited for roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do effective teams utilize specific goals?

    <p>They facilitate communication and maintain focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conflict is almost always dysfunctional within a team?

    <p>Relationship conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does team efficacy have on a team's performance?

    <p>It builds confidence in both individual members and the team as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important method for enhancing cooperative effort in teams?

    <p>Implementing structured training on problem solving and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drawback associated with team dynamics in management?

    <p>Stress and tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a team approach generally deemed useful?

    <p>Work processes cut across functional lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge of managing global teams?

    <p>Language barriers and communication difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following questions helps determine if a team approach is appropriate?

    <p>Do team members have compatible goals?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misunderstanding managers might have regarding team effectiveness?

    <p>All work is better done collaboratively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamentals of Management - Chapter 7: Managing Innovation and Change

    • Organizational Change: Any alteration of people, structure, or technology within an organization.

    • Organizational Change Categories:

      • Structure: Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, formalization, job redesign, or actual structural design.
      • Technology: Work processes, methods, and equipment.
      • People: Attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviour.

    • Forces Driving Organizational Change:

      • External Forces: Marketplace, government laws and regulations, technology, labour markets, and economic changes.
      • Internal Forces: Changes in strategy, workforce, and employee attitudes.

    • Change Agent: A catalyst who manages the change process.

      • Any manager can initiate and carry out changes.
      • Change agents can be nonmanagers like internal staff specialists or external consultants.

    • Change Process Metaphors:

      • Calm Waters: Planning and execution of change, involving unfreezing the status quo, changing to a new state, and refreezing to make the change permanent.
      • White-Water Rapids: Change is constant, and managers must continuously navigate the rapids. Change is not planned, nor is it executed in a sequential manner.

    • Three-Step Change Process:

      • Unfreezing: Preparing for change by breaking from the status quo.
      • Changing: Implementing adjustments and changes.
      • Refreezing: Stabilizing the new state, making the change permanent.

    • Organizational Development (OD): Techniques or programs that change people and improve interpersonal work relationships.

      • Popular OD efforts: Survey feedback, process consultation, team-building, and intergroup development.

    • Resistance to Change: Causes include uncertainty, habit, loss, and misinterpretation that change is unfavourable.

      • Strategies to Reduce Resistance: Involvement of employees in the change process, training, and openness to revision.

    • Techniques for Reducing Change Resistance: Education and communication, participation, facilitation and support, negotiation, manipulation and co-optation, and coercion.

    • Action Research: Change based on altering employee attitudes and behaviours via the following stages:

      • Diagnose need: Preliminary diagnosis, data gathering and feedback.
      • Intervention: Learning, process and action planning.
      • Evaluate: Behaviour changes, measurement, and system redesign.

    • Appreciative Inquiry: Focuses on strengths to create a vision for organizational improvement. This is achieved via the four-D approach:

      • Discovering: Identifying what works.
      • Dreaming: Creating a vision for the future.
      • Designing: Creating new plans to improve the vision.
      • Delivering: Implementing and achieving the vision.

    • Mistakes in Change Management: Unawareness of the gap between what people understand and how they work, lack of vision to create a need for change, failure to communicate the importance of change, inadequate training, and lack of adequate reinforcement strategies.

    • Effective Communication During Change: Commitment from leadership, synchronicity between actions and words, encouragement of two-way communication, emphasis on face-to-face communication, and treating communication as an ongoing process.

    • Understanding Employee Stress:

      • Stress Reaction: Anxiety regarding intense demands, constraints, or opportunities.
      • Not always negative: Can be positive, especially with potential gains.
      • Functional Stress: Allows high performance during crucial times.

    • Stressors Causing Stress:

      • Job Related: Task demands, role demands (conflicts, overload, ambiguity), interpersonal demands, organizational structure and leadership.
      • Personal Factors: Difficult to control by managers; EAPs and wellness programs can offer support.

    • Techniques for Reducing Workplace Stress:

      • Employee selection to match abilities to job demands.
      • Realistic job previews, improving organizational communication, performance planning and job redesign.
      • Counselling support, time management assistance and wellness programs.

    • Organizational Innovation: Vital for successful competition requiring new products, services, and state-of-the-art technology.

    • Creativity: Producing novel and useful ideas through four steps (perception, incubation, inspiration, innovation).

    • Innovation: The process of converting creative ideas into useful products, services, or methods.

    • Factors Influencing Organizational Innovation:

      • Structural Variables: Organic structure, abundant resources, frequent inter-unit communication, minimizing time pressures.
      • Cultural Variables: Tolerance of ambiguity, impractical ideas, minimal external controls, risk tolerance, conflict, focus on ends rather than means, focus on open-system interactions, and positive feedback.
      • Human Resource Variables: High commitment to employee training, high job security, and encouraging idea champions.

    • Design Thinking: Applying specific processes for developing new things and gaining deep insights into customer needs and wants, converting ideas into usable products.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Fundamentals of Management 9th Canadian Edition PDF
    Fundamentals of Management 9th Canadian Edition PDF Chapter 8

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of managing innovation and change from Chapter 7 of Fundamentals of Management. This quiz delves into organizational change categories, forces driving change, and the role of change agents within an organization. Test your understanding of how organizational dynamics can be effectively managed.

    More Like This

    Tema 15: Change Management and Innovation Management
    10 questions

    Tema 15: Change Management and Innovation Management

    GreatMagicRealism avatar
    GreatMagicRealism
    Management of Innovation and Change
    32 questions

    Management of Innovation and Change

    WarmerIambicPentameter avatar
    WarmerIambicPentameter
    Managing Change and Innovation Quiz
    33 questions

    Managing Change and Innovation Quiz

    ResourcefulMorningGlory avatar
    ResourcefulMorningGlory
    Managing Change and Innovation in Organizations
    8 questions

    Managing Change and Innovation in Organizations

    PamperedUkulele avatar
    PamperedUkulele
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser