Fundamentals of Graphic Design

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of user personas in product design?

  • To deliver marketing strategies to consumers
  • To represent typical users and guide design decisions (correct)
  • To outline technical specifications for developers
  • To identify the project's budget requirements

Which methodology involves understanding users' needs, defining problems, ideating solutions, prototyping, and testing?

  • Lean UX
  • Agile UX
  • Design Thinking (correct)
  • Heuristic Evaluation

What type of testing involves observing real users as they interact with a design to identify usability issues?

  • Surveys
  • Tree Testing
  • Usability Testing (correct)
  • Participatory Design

Which tool is particularly useful for brainstorming, planning projects, and collaborating remotely?

<p>Miro (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of heuristic evaluation in UX design?

<p>To identify usability problems using UX principles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an industry-standard design tool for image editing and layout design?

<p>Adobe Creative Suite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the user flow refer to in the context of a website or app?

<p>The path taken by a user to complete a task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is designed specifically for conducting user research activities like card sorting and surveys?

<p>Optimal Workshop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design approach emphasizes quick iterations and learning with minimal resources?

<p>Lean UX (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage of the Design Thinking process?

<p>Empathize (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Human-Centered Design (HCD)?

<p>Considering the impact of design on all humans involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes contrast in design?

<p>Making elements stand out through differences in appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does balance contribute to a design?

<p>It ensures that no side of the design appears heavier than the other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does information architecture (IA) play in design?

<p>It organizes content for easy navigation and understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does negative space contribute to a design?

<p>It provides room for the design to breathe and enhances elegance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does typography primarily focus on in design?

<p>The selection and arrangement of fonts for readability and style (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a journey map used for in design?

<p>To visualize the steps and emotions experienced by a user (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does alignment in design ensure?

<p>That elements line up to create a professional appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial to establishing visual hierarchy in design?

<p>Proportional sizing of different elements based on their importance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a prototype in design?

<p>To serve as a basic model for testing design ideas inexpensively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Accessibility

Making designs usable for everyone, including people with disabilities. Think ramps beside stairs - providing alternative paths.

Alignment

Arranging elements (text, images) on a page so they align neatly. Good alignment makes designs look organized.

Balance

Distributing design elements evenly (or sometimes unevenly) to create visual harmony. Think of balancing a seesaw.

Color Theory

The science of how we perceive colors and how to use them effectively in design. Includes color wheels, warm/cool colors, and pleasing combinations.

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Contrast

Using difference to make elements stand out. High contrast is black text on white, while low contrast uses similar shades.

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Hierarchy

Arranging elements based on importance to guide the viewer's eye. Think of a newspaper headline being the most prominent.

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Human-Centered Design (HCD)

A design approach that prioritizes people, considering the impact on all humans involved, not just the immediate users.

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Information Architecture (IA)

Organizing website or app content for easy navigation and understanding. Like a library, information architecture (IA) helps you find what you need.

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Interaction Design

Designing how users interact with a product - what happens when they click, swipe, etc.

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Journey Map

A visual diagram showing the steps a user takes while using a product or service, including their emotions and challenges.

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Ease of Use

How easy it is for users to understand and complete tasks on a website or app.

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Efficiency

How quickly and efficiently users can accomplish their goals on a website or app.

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Overall Impression

The overall experience a user has with a website or app, encompassing their feelings and satisfaction.

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User Flow

The path a user takes through a website or app to complete a task. It's like the steps you take to buy something online.

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User Persona

A fictional character that represents a typical user of your product. Personas help you design with your users in mind.

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User Research

Learning about the people who will use your product – their needs, behaviors, and challenges by observing, interviewing, and conducting surveys to understand your users.

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Usability Testing

A method to test the usability of a design by watching real users interact with it to identify problems and areas for improvement.

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Wireframe

A simple outline of a website or app, showing the basic layout and where content will go. It's like the sketch of a house before it's built.

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Design Thinking

A human-centered problem-solving process used in UX design with stages like Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test.

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Lean UX

A streamlined approach emphasizing quick cycles of building, measuring, and learning, focusing on quickly validating ideas with minimal resources.

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Study Notes

Accessibility

  • Focuses on designing products and websites usable by everyone, including those with disabilities.
  • Similar to providing ramps next to stairs, offering alternative paths to achieve a goal.

Alignment

  • Arranging elements (text, images) on a page in a way they visually line up.
  • Improved alignment creates a professional, organized look.

Balance

  • Distributing design elements evenly (or unevenly) to achieve visual harmony.
  • A seesaw analogy illustrates the concept of equilibrium.

Color Theory

  • The study of how color affects perception and its uses in design.
  • Involves color wheels, warm/cool colors, and creating pleasing color combinations.

Contrast

  • Using differences to highlight elements.
  • High contrast (black on white) and low contrast (similar shades) are both valid design options.

Hierarchy

  • Arranging elements by importance to guide the user's eye.
  • A clear example is a newspaper headline emphasized more than other text.

Human-Centered Design (HCD)

  • Design process emphasizing the impact of design on all users.
  • Considers the wider influence of a design, not just immediate users.

Information Architecture (IA)

  • Organizing content on websites or apps for easy navigation and understanding.
  • Example: How libraries structure sections and shelves aids finding information.

Interaction Design

  • Designing how users interact with a product.
  • Includes actions like clicking buttons or swiping on mobile devices.

Journey Map

  • Visual illustration of a user's experience interacting with a product.
  • Shows user steps, emotions, and pain points.

Negative Space

  • Empty areas around design elements.
  • Properly used negative space gives a design room to breathe and adds visual appeal.

Proportion

  • The relationship between element sizes in a design.
  • A contrasting size aspect between a large image and a small caption below is an illustration.

Prototype

  • A basic model of a design idea.
  • Can range from simple sketches to functioning software models, allowing cheap and quick testing.

Repetition

  • Using repeating patterns or elements for consistency and unity.

Typography

  • The art of selecting and arranging fonts for style and readability.

User Experience (UX)

  • How a person feels during product use.
  • UX considers emotions, ease of use, efficiency, and overall impression.

User Flow

  • The path a user takes to complete a task on a website or app.
  • Simulates actions like purchasing online items through steps.

User Persona

  • Fictional representation of a typical product user.
  • Helps designers anticipate user needs and behaviors.

User Research

  • Understanding users' needs, behaviors, and challenges.

Usability Testing

  • Observing real users interact with a design.
  • To find usability issues and improve ease of use.

Wireframe

  • A basic outline of a website or app's layout.
  • Similar to a house blueprint, outlining structure before building.

Tools

  • Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign): Professional graphic design tools.
  • Canva: User-friendly online design platform with templates.
  • Color Wheel: Visual tool for understanding color combinations.
  • Figma: Software for design, prototyping, and collaboration.
  • Font Libraries: Resources for different fonts.
  • Fluent 2: Microsoft's design system.
  • Optimal Workshop: Suite for user research.
  • Miro: Virtual whiteboard for collaboration.
  • PowerPoint: Presentation software.
  • Pen and Paper: Basic sketching for quick ideas.
  • Sketch: Design software comparable to Figma.
  • Whimsical: Online tool for wireframes and diagrams.

Models and Methodologies

  • Agile UX: Adapting Agile to UX design with short cycles, feedback, and collaboration.
  • Design Sprint: Time-boxed process (a week) for quickly tackling a design problem.
  • Design Thinking: Human-centered problem-solving, comprising empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test phases.
  • Heuristic Evaluation: Reviewing a design against usability principles.
  • Lean UX: Quick cycles for building, measuring, and learning in UX design.
  • Participatory Design: Including users as co-designers.
  • Surveys: Questionnaires for gathering user insights.
  • Tree Testing: Evaluating website or app information structure.
  • User-Centered Design (UCD): Prioritizing user needs, behaviors, and goals in the design process.

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