42 Questions
Which statement best describes a fundamental property of cells?
Cells can only originate from existing cells.
What is considered the basic unit of life?
Cell
The theory that all living things are composed of cells is known as the:
Cellular theory.
Which type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a cell?
Scanning electron microscope
What is the primary role of DNA in cells?
Genetic information storage
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
They lack a defined nucleus.
In the context of cell theory, which statement is accurate?
Cells are the smallest entities considered to be alive.
Which organelle is commonly referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondrion
Cellular membranes are primarily composed of:
Phospholipids and proteins.
The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as:
A dynamic structure with a mixture of lipids and proteins.
Which organelles are involved in the process of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
Structural support and movement
In which part of a eukaryotic cell is the DNA found?
Nucleus
What type of cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells
Which statement best describes viruses?
Viruses require a host cell to replicate.
The endosymbiotic theory is primarily associated with the origin of:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the primary barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment?
Plasma membrane
Which cell component is primarily responsible for breaking down worn-out cellular structures?
Lysosomes
Which process involves the movement of substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient?
Active transport
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in which type of cell?
Plant cells
Which cellular structure is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Which component is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
Cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP, primarily takes place in the:
Mitochondria
The process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle is known as:
Phagocytosis
Which type of cell junctions allow for direct communication between adjacent animal cells?
Gap junctions
Which molecule serves as the 'genetic blueprint' in living organisms?
DNA
In a cell, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is primarily found in the:
Ribosomes
Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
The cell theory states that:
All living things are made of cells and cell products.
What is α-actinin?
An actin-binding protein that cross-links actin filaments into contractile bundles.
What is an α-helix?
A coiled secondary structure of a polypeptide chain formed by hydrogen bonding.
What is an ABC transporter?
A membrane transport protein with a conserved ATP binding domain.
What is abl?
A proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase, activated in chronic myeloid leukemia.
What is abscisic acid?
• A plant hormone
What is actin?
A protein that polymerizes to form cytoskeletal filaments.
What is the role of an actin-binding protein?
It binds actin and regulates the assembly, disassembly, and organization of actin filaments.
What is an actin bundle?
Actin filaments that are cross-linked into closely packed arrays.
What does an actin-bundling protein do?
It cross-links actin filaments into bundles.
What is an actin network?
Actin filaments that are cross-linked into loose three-dimensional meshworks.
What is an action potential?
A change in membrane potential that occurs in nerve cells.
What is activation energy?
The energy required to raise a molecule to its transition state to undergo a chemical reaction.
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