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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, as defined by Ohm's Law?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, as defined by Ohm's Law?
- Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. (correct)
- Current is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to voltage.
- Resistance is directly proportional to voltage and current.
- Voltage is directly proportional to current and directly proportional to resistance.
What is the primary function of a capacitor in an electrical circuit?
What is the primary function of a capacitor in an electrical circuit?
- To store electrical energy in an electric field. (correct)
- To store electrical energy in a magnetic field.
- To dissipate energy as heat.
- To provide a constant voltage source.
In a series circuit, how does the current behave as it passes through each component?
In a series circuit, how does the current behave as it passes through each component?
- The current is divided equally among all components.
- The current is different through each component.
- The current is the same through each component. (correct)
- The current varies depending on the component's resistance.
What does Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) state about the currents at a junction in an electrical circuit?
What does Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) state about the currents at a junction in an electrical circuit?
If three resistors with resistance values of $R_1 = 10 \Omega$, $R_2 = 20 \Omega$, and $R_3 = 30 \Omega$ are connected in series, what is the total resistance of the circuit?
If three resistors with resistance values of $R_1 = 10 \Omega$, $R_2 = 20 \Omega$, and $R_3 = 30 \Omega$ are connected in series, what is the total resistance of the circuit?
Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating electrical power?
Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating electrical power?
What is the primary function of an inductor in an electrical circuit?
What is the primary function of an inductor in an electrical circuit?
In a parallel circuit, how does the voltage behave across each component?
In a parallel circuit, how does the voltage behave across each component?
Flashcards
Electric Charge
Electric Charge
A fundamental property of matter responsible for electric forces. Opposite charges attract, like charges repel. Measured in Coulombs (C).
Electric Current
Electric Current
The flow of electric charge. Measured in Amperes (A), representing the rate of charge flow. Conventional current direction is the flow of positive charge, though in reality it's usually electrons moving.
Voltage (Potential Difference)
Voltage (Potential Difference)
Difference in electric potential between two points. Drives the current flow. Measured in Volts (V).
Electric Resistance
Electric Resistance
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Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
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Electric Power
Electric Power
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Resistor
Resistor
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Capacitor
Capacitor
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Study Notes
Fundamental Concepts
- Electric Charge: Fundamental property of matter responsible for electric forces. Opposite charges attract; like charges repel. Measured in Coulombs (C).
- Electric Current: Flow of electric charge. Measured in Amperes (A), representing the rate of charge flow. Conventional current direction is the flow of positive charge, though in reality it's usually electrons moving.
- Voltage (Potential Difference): Difference in electric potential between two points. Drives the current flow. Measured in Volts (V).
- Electric Resistance: Opposition to current flow in a circuit. Measured in Ohms (Ω). Higher resistance means lower current for the same voltage.
- Ohm's Law: Relates voltage, current, and resistance: Voltage = Current * Resistance (V = I * R). This is a fundamental linear relationship in many circuits.
- Electric Power: Rate at which electrical energy is transferred. Measured in Watts (W). Power = Voltage * Current (P = V * I)
Circuit Elements
- Resistors: Components designed to offer resistance, dissipating energy as heat. Used to control current and voltage in circuits.
- Capacitors: Store electrical energy in an electric field. Consist of two conductors separated by an insulator (dielectric). Used in smoothing circuits and in energy storage.
- Inductors: Store electrical energy in a magnetic field. Consist of a coil of wire. Used in filtering circuits and energy storage.
- Sources: Provide voltage or current to a circuit. Examples include batteries and power supplies.
Circuit Analysis
- Series Circuits: Components connected end-to-end. Current is the same through each component. Resistances add up (Rtotal = R1 + R2 +...).
- Parallel Circuits: Components connected across each other. Voltage is the same across each component. Reciprocal of resistances add up (1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +...).
- Network Analysis: Method for analyzing more complex circuits involving multiple components and connections.
- Kirchhoff's Laws: Fundamental rules for analyzing circuits.
- Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving that junction. Conservation of charge.
- Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of voltages around any closed loop in a circuit equals zero. Conservation of energy.
AC vs DC Circuits
- Direct Current (DC): Current flows in one direction. Example: battery.
- Alternating Current (AC): Current periodically reverses its direction. Example: household power outlets.
- AC circuits are analyzed using impedance, which is a combination of resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
Types of Materials
- Conductors: Materials that allow easy movement of electric charge. Examples include metal wires.
- Insulators: Materials that resist the movement of electric charge. Examples include rubber and plastic.
- Semiconductors: Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators. Essential for modern electronics like transistors and diodes.
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