28 Questions
Which cells secrete parathormone (PTH) in response to decreased plasma calcium?
Chief cells
What is the effect of parathormone (PTH) on plasma calcium levels?
PTH increases plasma calcium
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Adjacent to the thyroid gland
Which of the following is not a mechanism by which PTH increases plasma calcium?
Decreasing renal resorption of calcium
What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?
Neural crest ectoderm
Which zone of the adrenal cortex is the outermost layer?
Zona glomerulosa
What is the primary effect of thyroid hormones on metabolism?
Increase oxygen consumption
How do thyroid hormones affect bone growth and development?
They promote bone growth, epiphysial closure and bone maturation
What is the effect of T3 on protein synthesis?
T3 increases the rate of protein synthesis
How does T3 affect cholesterol and lipolysis?
T3 stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol and increases the rate of lipolysis
What is the effect of T3 on the cardiovascular system?
T3 increases both heart rate and force of contraction
What is the primary function of the endocrine pancreas?
To produce hormones such as glucagon and insulin
Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting the hormone somatostatin?
Delta cells
What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?
To decrease blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of the hormone leptin?
To regulate appetite and energy balance
Which type of cells in the pancreatic islets are responsible for secreting the hormone insulin?
Beta cells
What is the main role of the enteroendocrine cells in the digestive system?
To secrete hormones that mediate absorption, digestion, and disposal of nutrients
Which cells in the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine?
Columnar cells
What enzyme is responsible for converting norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?
Methyltransferase
What is the primary function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body?
Initiation of the "fight or flight" response
Which of the following structures extend from the capsule of the adrenal medulla?
Both b and c
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary endocrine organ?
Adrenal gland
What is the primary function of leptin in the hypothalamus?
Inhibit food intake by inhibiting neuropeptide Y and AgRP
What hormone is produced by atrial myocardial cells?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
What is the primary function of the hormone renin?
Stimulate the release of aldosterone and angiotensin II
Which endocrine disease is characterized by excessive production of hormones?
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease)
What is the primary target of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
Distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin
micro
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