Endocrine 2

Which cells secrete parathormone (PTH) in response to decreased plasma calcium?

Adrenal gland cells
Active Parafollicular cells
C (clear) cells
Chief cells (correct)

What is the effect of parathormone (PTH) on plasma calcium levels?

PTH has no effect on plasma calcium
PTH decreases plasma calcium
PTH first increases then decreases plasma calcium
PTH increases plasma calcium (correct)

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Inside the adrenal glands
Embedded within the thyroid gland
Away from the thyroid gland
Adjacent to the thyroid gland (correct)

Which of the following is not a mechanism by which PTH increases plasma calcium?

Decreasing renal resorption of calcium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?

Neural crest ectoderm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the adrenal cortex is the outermost layer?

Zona glomerulosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of thyroid hormones on metabolism?

Increase oxygen consumption (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do thyroid hormones affect bone growth and development?

They promote bone growth, epiphysial closure and bone maturation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of T3 on protein synthesis?

T3 increases the rate of protein synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does T3 affect cholesterol and lipolysis?

T3 stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol and increases the rate of lipolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of T3 on the cardiovascular system?

T3 increases both heart rate and force of contraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine pancreas?

To produce hormones such as glucagon and insulin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting the hormone somatostatin?

Delta cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?

To decrease blood glucose levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone leptin?

To regulate appetite and energy balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the pancreatic islets are responsible for secreting the hormone insulin?

Beta cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the enteroendocrine cells in the digestive system?

To secrete hormones that mediate absorption, digestion, and disposal of nutrients (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine?

Columnar cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for converting norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

Methyltransferase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body?

Initiation of the "fight or flight" response (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures extend from the capsule of the adrenal medulla?

Both b and c (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary endocrine organ?

Adrenal gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of leptin in the hypothalamus?

Inhibit food intake by inhibiting neuropeptide Y and AgRP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by atrial myocardial cells?

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone renin?

Stimulate the release of aldosterone and angiotensin II (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine disease is characterized by excessive production of hormones?

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

Distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin (D) Signup and view all the answers