Endocrine 2
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Questions and Answers

Which cells secrete parathormone (PTH) in response to decreased plasma calcium?

  • Adrenal gland cells
  • Active Parafollicular cells
  • C (clear) cells
  • Chief cells (correct)
  • What is the effect of parathormone (PTH) on plasma calcium levels?

  • PTH has no effect on plasma calcium
  • PTH decreases plasma calcium
  • PTH first increases then decreases plasma calcium
  • PTH increases plasma calcium (correct)
  • Where are the parathyroid glands located?

  • Inside the adrenal glands
  • Embedded within the thyroid gland
  • Away from the thyroid gland
  • Adjacent to the thyroid gland (correct)
  • Which of the following is not a mechanism by which PTH increases plasma calcium?

    <p>Decreasing renal resorption of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Neural crest ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the adrenal cortex is the outermost layer?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of thyroid hormones on metabolism?

    <p>Increase oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thyroid hormones affect bone growth and development?

    <p>They promote bone growth, epiphysial closure and bone maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of T3 on protein synthesis?

    <p>T3 increases the rate of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does T3 affect cholesterol and lipolysis?

    <p>T3 stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol and increases the rate of lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of T3 on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>T3 increases both heart rate and force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endocrine pancreas?

    <p>To produce hormones such as glucagon and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting the hormone somatostatin?

    <p>Delta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?

    <p>To decrease blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hormone leptin?

    <p>To regulate appetite and energy balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the pancreatic islets are responsible for secreting the hormone insulin?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the enteroendocrine cells in the digestive system?

    <p>To secrete hormones that mediate absorption, digestion, and disposal of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine?

    <p>Columnar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for converting norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Methyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body?

    <p>Initiation of the &quot;fight or flight&quot; response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures extend from the capsule of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary endocrine organ?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of leptin in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Inhibit food intake by inhibiting neuropeptide Y and AgRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by atrial myocardial cells?

    <p>Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hormone renin?

    <p>Stimulate the release of aldosterone and angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine disease is characterized by excessive production of hormones?

    <p>Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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