Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

Describe the functions of the skeletal system?

•Movement. •Support. •Storage •Manufacturing •Protection

How are bones classified?

Shape Ex.)Femur/long bone

What is the primary function of the red bone marrow?

Blood cell production (correct)

Energy storage

Protection of the bone

Support for the body

The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

False Signup and view all the answers

What part of the long bone is known as the shaft?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

The _______ covers the ends of the bones where they meet other bones.

Articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a long bone with their descriptions:

Epiphysis = Ends of the long bone Metaphysis = Area between epiphysis and diaphysis Compact bone = Dense outer shell of the diaphysis Spongy bone = Porous type of bone found in the epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the yellow bone marrow?

It acts as a reserve energy storage site. Signup and view all the answers

The epiphyseal line indicates where cartilage growth has occurred in a long bone.

True Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find spongy bone?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find compact bone?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

How do spongy bone and compact bone differ?

Spngy bone contains large spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow while Compact bone is made of column shaped osteons Signup and view all the answers

Axial Skeleton

Central Axis : Ribs, sternum, skull, and vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral and pelvic: arms, legs, pelvic and shoulders Signup and view all the answers

Describe the vertebral column

Extends from skull to pelvic. Protects the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Why is the curvature important

It allows better balance, as well as providing support and protection of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by being immovable and held together by fibrous connective tissue?

Fibrous Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial joints?

Allow for extensive range of motion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is held together by cartilage and is immovable?

Cartilaginous joint Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal column is primarily associated with improved balance?

Lumbar region Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the ends of the bones in a synovial joint?

Joint capsule filled with synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a synovial structure?

• A joint capsule filled with synovial fluid surrounds the end of the bones •A synovial membrane and articular cartilage in the joint cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint is found at the hip?

Ball and Socket Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints allows for rotational movement, such as in the neck?

Pivot Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint is primarily found in the elbow?

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint is characterized by both concave and convex surfaces, such as in the wrist?

Saddle Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for sliding movements, typically seen in the ankle?

Gliding/Plane Signup and view all the answers

Tendons

connects musle to bone Signup and view all the answers

Ligament

connects bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

Head

the rounded part found at either end of the bone Signup and view all the answers

Condyle

The smooth surface area at the end of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is ossification?

The transformation of cartilage into bone Signup and view all the answers

Osteoid is responsible for providing hardness to bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of bone composition?

Osteoid and mineral salts Signup and view all the answers

During bone repair, a __________ is formed after a hematoma and before ossification occurs.

callus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:

Hematoma = Blood enters the wound and causes cells to die Callus formation = Blood vessels grow and cartilage forms to hold the bone together Callus ossification = Spongy bone forms then converts into compact bone Osteoclasts = Cells that reshape the bone area to create a larger medullary cavity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy of a Long Bone

A long bone is a type of bone characterized by its elongated shape
It's composed of different parts and tissues
Major sections include: epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis

Epiphysis

Located at the ends of the long bone
Contains spongy bone
Covered with articular cartilage
Involved in reducing friction and shock absorption
Two epiphysis in each long bone
Contains red bone marrow

Metaphysis

Located between the diaphysis and epiphysis
Site of bone growth in children
Contains a layer of cartilage (epiphyseal plate)
Involved in bone growth, changing from cartilage to bone
Also contains blood vessels

Diaphysis

The shaft of the long bone
Primarily made of compact bone
Contains a hollow medullary cavity, which holds yellow bone marrow

Medullary Cavity

A hollow space within the diaphysis
Contains bone marrow: yellow bone marrow (primarily fat) and red bone marrow. Red marrow produces blood cells

Spongy Bone

Found in the epiphyses of long bones
Porous structure for strength and lightness

Compact Bone

Dense, hard outer layer of the diaphysis
Provides strength and support to the bone
Densely packed osteons

Periosteum

A tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone
Essential for bone growth, nourishment, and repair
Contains blood vessels and nerves

Articular Cartilage

Covers the joint surfaces of the epiphyses
Smooths joint movement
Reduces friction and impact

Epiphyseal Line

Remnant of the growth plate (epiphyseal plate)
Marks the region where bone growth occurred during childhood

Blood Vessels

Run throughout the bone, within the canals
Supply nutrients and oxygen to bone cells
Important for bone health and function
Present in the metaphysis

Other terms

Red bone marrow: Produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Yellow bone marrow: Primarily composed of fat cells, storing energy

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