Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

Describe the functions of the skeletal system?

•Movement. •Support. •Storage •Manufacturing •Protection

How are bones classified?

Shape Ex.)Femur/long bone

What is the primary function of the red bone marrow?

  • Blood cell production (correct)
  • Energy storage
  • Protection of the bone
  • Support for the body

The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the long bone is known as the shaft?

<p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ covers the ends of the bones where they meet other bones.

<p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a long bone with their descriptions:

<p>Epiphysis = Ends of the long bone Metaphysis = Area between epiphysis and diaphysis Compact bone = Dense outer shell of the diaphysis Spongy bone = Porous type of bone found in the epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the yellow bone marrow?

<p>It acts as a reserve energy storage site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The epiphyseal line indicates where cartilage growth has occurred in a long bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find spongy bone?

<p>Epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find compact bone?

<p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do spongy bone and compact bone differ?

<p>Spngy bone contains large spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow while Compact bone is made of column shaped osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Axial Skeleton

<p>Central Axis : Ribs, sternum, skull, and vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Appendicular Skeleton

<p>Pectoral and pelvic: arms, legs, pelvic and shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the vertebral column

<p>Extends from skull to pelvic. Protects the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the curvature important

<p>It allows better balance, as well as providing support and protection of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by being immovable and held together by fibrous connective tissue?

<p>Fibrous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial joints?

<p>Allow for extensive range of motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is held together by cartilage and is immovable?

<p>Cartilaginous joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal column is primarily associated with improved balance?

<p>Lumbar region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the ends of the bones in a synovial joint?

<p>Joint capsule filled with synovial fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synovial structure?

<p>• A joint capsule filled with synovial fluid surrounds the end of the bones •A synovial membrane and articular cartilage in the joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint is found at the hip?

<p>Ball and Socket (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints allows for rotational movement, such as in the neck?

<p>Pivot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint is primarily found in the elbow?

<p>Hinge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint is characterized by both concave and convex surfaces, such as in the wrist?

<p>Saddle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for sliding movements, typically seen in the ankle?

<p>Gliding/Plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tendons

<p>connects musle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligament

<p>connects bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Head

<p>the rounded part found at either end of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Condyle

<p>The smooth surface area at the end of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ossification?

<p>The transformation of cartilage into bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoid is responsible for providing hardness to bone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of bone composition?

<p>Osteoid and mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

During bone repair, a __________ is formed after a hematoma and before ossification occurs.

<p>callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:

<p>Hematoma = Blood enters the wound and causes cells to die Callus formation = Blood vessels grow and cartilage forms to hold the bone together Callus ossification = Spongy bone forms then converts into compact bone Osteoclasts = Cells that reshape the bone area to create a larger medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system performs several crucial functions, including providing movement, support for the body, storage of minerals, manufacturing of blood cells, and protection of vital organs.

How are bones classified?

Bones are classified based on their shape. One common type is the long bone, exemplified by the femur in your leg.

What are the ends of a long bone called?

The ends of a long bone are called epiphyses. They are wider than the shaft and covered with articular cartilage, which helps reduce friction at joints.

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis. It's the long, cylindrical main part of the bone.

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What is the area between epiphysis and diaphysis?

The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis is called the metaphysis. It's where bone growth occurs.

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What type of bone is found in the epiphysis?

Spongy bone, also called cancellous bone, is found in the epiphysis. It's porous and lighter than compact bone.

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What is the function of the epiphyseal line?

The epiphyseal line, previously the epiphyseal plate, is a line of cartilage where bone growth occurs. After growth is complete, it becomes a solid line.

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What is the medullary cavity?

The medullary cavity is the hollow space inside the diaphysis of a long bone. It contains yellow bone marrow.

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What are the functions of periosteum?

The periosteum is the fibrous membrane that covers the bone. It provides nourishment to the bone, helps repair bone fractures, and serves as a point of attachment for muscles and tendons.

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What are fibrous joints?

Fibrous joints are immovable joints held together by fibrous connective tissue. They provide strong support and stability, but don't allow for movement.

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What are cartilaginous joints?

Cartilaginous joints are immovable joints held together by cartilage. They provide cushioning and flexibility, but limited movement.

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What are synovial joints?

Synovial joints are movable joints filled with synovial fluid to reduce friction. They allow for a wide range of motion.

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What is the function of the spinal column?

The spinal column provides support for the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for flexibility and movement.

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What are the main parts of the spinal column?

The spinal column is divided into three main sections: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.

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Ball and Socket Joint

A type of synovial joint where a rounded bone head fits into a cup-shaped socket, allowing for wide-ranging movement in multiple planes.

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Hinge Joint

A type of synovial joint that allows movement only in one plane, like opening and closing a door.

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Saddle Joint

A type of synovial joint where the articular surfaces are shaped like a saddle and rider, allowing for movement in two planes.

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Pivot Joint

A type of synovial joint that allows for rotation around a central axis.

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Gliding/Plane Joint

A type of synovial joint where flat, bony surfaces slide over each other, providing limited movement.

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What process transforms cartilage into bone?

Ossification is the process where cartilage is replaced by bone through the deposition of calcium and minerals by osteoblasts.

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What are osteoblasts and what do they do?

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that secrete mineral deposits to replace cartilage during ossification. They then mature into osteocytes.

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How is a broken bone repaired? (Step 1)

The first stage of bone repair is the formation of a hematoma, which is a blood clot that fills the gap between the broken bone ends.

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What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue, creating space for the formation of new bone or for bone marrow.

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What is the difference between osteoid and mineral salts in bone?

Osteoid is the organic part of bone, made of collagen, which gives it flexibility. Mineral salts are the inorganic part, mainly calcium salts, which provide hardness.

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Study Notes

Anatomy of a Long Bone

  • A long bone is a type of bone characterized by its elongated shape
  • It's composed of different parts and tissues
  • Major sections include: epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis

Epiphysis

  • Located at the ends of the long bone
  • Contains spongy bone
  • Covered with articular cartilage
  • Involved in reducing friction and shock absorption
  • Two epiphysis in each long bone
  • Contains red bone marrow

Metaphysis

  • Located between the diaphysis and epiphysis
  • Site of bone growth in children
  • Contains a layer of cartilage (epiphyseal plate)
  • Involved in bone growth, changing from cartilage to bone
  • Also contains blood vessels

Diaphysis

  • The shaft of the long bone
  • Primarily made of compact bone
  • Contains a hollow medullary cavity, which holds yellow bone marrow

Medullary Cavity

  • A hollow space within the diaphysis
  • Contains bone marrow: yellow bone marrow (primarily fat) and red bone marrow. Red marrow produces blood cells

Spongy Bone

  • Found in the epiphyses of long bones
  • Porous structure for strength and lightness

Compact Bone

  • Dense, hard outer layer of the diaphysis
  • Provides strength and support to the bone
  • Densely packed osteons

Periosteum

  • A tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone
  • Essential for bone growth, nourishment, and repair
  • Contains blood vessels and nerves

Articular Cartilage

  • Covers the joint surfaces of the epiphyses
  • Smooths joint movement
  • Reduces friction and impact

Epiphyseal Line

  • Remnant of the growth plate (epiphyseal plate)
  • Marks the region where bone growth occurred during childhood

Blood Vessels

  • Run throughout the bone, within the canals
  • Supply nutrients and oxygen to bone cells
  • Important for bone health and function
  • Present in the metaphysis

Other terms

  • Red bone marrow: Produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
  • Yellow bone marrow: Primarily composed of fat cells, storing energy

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