Functions of the Large Intestine
40 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of diverticulitis?

  • Diet lacking sufficient fiber (correct)
  • Inadequate mucus production in the colon
  • Diet rich in fiber
  • Vigorous peristalsis in the colon

    • Which of the following is a symptom of appendicitis?

  • Frequent diarrhea and weight loss
  • Bloating and discomfort in the upper right quadrant
  • Referred pain in the umbilical region (correct)
  • Severe abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant

    • What is the result of the external anal sphincter staying voluntarily contracted during the defecation reflex?

  • The internal anal sphincter relaxes
  • Defecation is postponed (correct)
  • The rectum fills with feces
  • Defecation occurs

    • What is the main function of the large intestine?

    <p>Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disorder of the digestive system?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of poor dental hygiene?

    <p>Loss of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of bacteria entering the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of watery feces?

    <p>Abnormally rapid peristalsis in the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of prolonged starvation due to anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Death due to complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of inflammation in the digestive system?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GLP-1 in relation to glucose metabolism?

    <p>To stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the appendix in the body?

    <p>To contribute to the immune defense of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the anus is closed except during defecation?

    <p>Internal and external anal sphincter control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bands of muscle that run the length of the colon and form haustra?

    <p>Taeniae coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine in relation to the digestion of food?

    <p>To absorb water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the liver located?

    <p>In the right upper quadrant just below the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Falciform ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the liver in the human body?

    <p>1.4 kg (3 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that brings oxygenated blood to the liver cells?

    <p>Hepatic artery proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the liver?

    <p>Dark, reddish brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of absorption of short-chain fatty acids in the small intestine?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in the absorption of lipids in the small intestine?

    <p>Peptidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of triglycerides after they enter epithelial cells during lipid absorption?

    <p>They are reformed and packaged into chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the small intestine?

    <p>Modulation of the gut-brain axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of absorbed materials from the small intestine?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which exercise aids in weight loss?

    <p>Enhancing the body's ability to mobilize and break down stored fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon-like peptide-1 hormones in relation to energy metabolism?

    <p>Stimulating the secretion of insulin and inhibiting glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of reducing kilocalorie intake on the body's adipose tissue?

    <p>Reducing the body's fat storage capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which semaglutide aids in weight loss?

    <p>Activating GLP-1 receptors to reduce food intake and increase fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of consuming excess kilocalories on the body's adipose tissue?

    <p>Increasing the body's fat storage capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the brain?

    <p>Reducing food intake and increasing fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of inadequate exercise on the body's energy expenditure?

    <p>Reducing the body's energy expenditure through thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of poor diet on the body's energy metabolism?

    <p>Reducing the body's energy expenditure through thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which heredity influences body weight?

    <p>Affecting eating habits and diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of consuming fewer kilocalories than needed on the body's fat storage?

    <p>Reducing the body's fat storage capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the folds in the mucosa of the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the presence of chyme in the small intestine triggers the secretion of intestinal juice and enzymes?

    <p>Mechanical stimulation and neural reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacteal in the intestinal villi?

    <p>To absorb fats and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intestinal glands located at the base of the villi?

    <p>To produce and secrete intestinal juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the vigorous segmentation of the small intestine?

    <p>Mixing of chyme with bile and pancreatic juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Causes of Obesity

    • Heredity, eating habits, inadequate exercise, and poor diet contribute to obesity.
    • Excess kilocalories are stored as fats in adipose tissue.
    • Consuming fewer kilocalories than needed helps mobilize and break down stored fat.
    • Exercise increases energy needs, helping to burn fat more rapidly.

    Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)

    • Produced by cells of the small intestine.
    • Stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion.
    • Slows gastric emptying and reduces food intake.
    • Receptors are expressed in many brain regions.
    • Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

    Inflammatory Disorders

    • Periodontal disease: inflammation, bleeding gingivae, and degeneration of gingivae, cement, periodontal ligaments, and dental alveoli.
    • Peritonitis: acute inflammation of peritoneum due to bacterial contamination.

    Noninflammatory Disorders

    • Constipation: difficult defecation due to hard, dry feces.
    • Diarrhea: production of watery feces due to rapid peristalsis in the colon.
    • Eating disorders: obsessive concern about weight control, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

    Obesity

    • Results from consuming more kilocalories than needed to meet energy needs.
    • GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying.
    • Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

    Large Intestine

    • Chyme enters the large intestine through the ileal orifice.
    • Consists of four segments: cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
    • The anus is kept closed except during defecation by the internal and external anal sphincters.
    • Taeniae coli are three longitudinal bands of muscle running the length of the colon.
    • Mucosa possesses no villi, and epithelium contains numerous goblet cells.

    Absorption of Carbohydrates and Fats

    • Simple sugars are absorbed across the epithelium and into capillaries of the intestinal villi.
    • Fats are absorbed by simple diffusion, and bile salts interact to form micelles.
    • Micelles absorb large fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, steroids, and lipid-soluble vitamins.

    Disorders of the Digestive System

    • Inflammatory disorders: appendicitis, diverticulitis, and peritonitis.
    • Noninflammatory disorders: constipation, diarrhea, and eating disorders.

    Liver

    • Largest gland in the body, located below the diaphragm.
    • Dark, reddish-brown color, with a falciform ligament that joins it to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall.
    • Main lobes are the right and left lobes.

    Small Intestine

    • Mucosa has numerous intestinal villi, increasing surface area.
    • Villus anatomy includes a lacteal and a blood capillary network.
    • Microvilli increase surface area, with tiny pits at the base of villi opening into intestinal glands that secrete intestinal juice.

    Intestinal Juice

    • Slightly alkaline, with abundant water and mucus, forming an environment for bile salts and pancreatic digestive enzymes.
    • Regulated by mechanical stimulation and neural reflex due to intestinal wall stretch caused by chyme.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Digestive System PDF

    Description

    Learn about the main functions of the large intestine, including the absorption of water and vitamins, and the production of feces. Discover the types of movements that occur in the large intestine and how often they happen. Test your knowledge of this important part of the digestive system!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser