18 Questions
What is the primary function of ADH during dehydration?
To increase urine concentration
What is the primary cause of renal insufficiency?
Hypertension and atherosclerosis
What is the minimum percentage of functioning nephrons required to rid the body of wastes?
75%
What is the purpose of the dialysis machine in hemodialysis?
To filter out waste products from the blood
What is the effect of renal insufficiency on the production of erythropoietin?
Decreases production
What is the consequence of uremia?
Convulsions and death
What is the primary function of the kidneys in terms of blood plasma?
To filter out and excrete toxic metabolic wastes
Which of the following is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of RBCs?
Erythropoietin
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate electrolyte and acid-base balances of body fluids?
By controlling the amount of water output
What is the end product of protein catabolism that is excreted in the urine?
Urea
Which of the following systems is responsible for excreting carbon dioxide?
Respiratory system
What is the role of the kidneys in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism?
To synthesize calcitriol
What is the response to alkalosis in the body?
The brainstem is stimulated, causing slower breathing.
What is the primary function of the renal buffer system?
To eliminate more acid than the chemical or respiratory buffers.
What is the result of the reaction between excess acid and bicarbonate ions in the renal tubule cells?
Carbonic acid is formed, which breaks down into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.
What is the effect of aging on the number of nephrons in the kidneys?
The number of nephrons declines with age.
What is the role of ammonia in the renal buffer system?
It reacts with to produce ammonium chloride.
What is a common issue affecting the urinary system in older males?
Enlarged prostate compressing the urethra.
Test your knowledge of the essential functions of the kidneys, including filtering blood plasma, regulating blood volume and electrolyte balance, and producing hormones.
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