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Functions of the Kidneys

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ADH during dehydration?

To increase urine concentration (correct)

To decrease blood pressure

To regulate electrolyte balance

To produce erythropoietin

What is the primary cause of renal insufficiency?

Hypertension and atherosclerosis (correct)

Poisoning and blockage of renal tubules

Glomerulonephritis and autoimmune disorders

Chronic kidney infections and trauma

What is the minimum percentage of functioning nephrons required to rid the body of wastes?

33%

50%

25%

75% (correct)

What is the purpose of the dialysis machine in hemodialysis?

To filter out waste products from the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of renal insufficiency on the production of erythropoietin?

Decreases production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of uremia?

Convulsions and death (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in terms of blood plasma?

To filter out and excrete toxic metabolic wastes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of RBCs?

Erythropoietin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate electrolyte and acid-base balances of body fluids?

By controlling the amount of water output (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of protein catabolism that is excreted in the urine?

Urea (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is responsible for excreting carbon dioxide?

Respiratory system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism?

To synthesize calcitriol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the response to alkalosis in the body?

The brainstem is stimulated, causing slower breathing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renal buffer system?

To eliminate more acid than the chemical or respiratory buffers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between excess acid and bicarbonate ions in the renal tubule cells?

Carbonic acid is formed, which breaks down into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on the number of nephrons in the kidneys?

The number of nephrons declines with age. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ammonia in the renal buffer system?

It reacts with to produce ammonium chloride. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue affecting the urinary system in older males?

Enlarged prostate compressing the urethra. (B) Signup and view all the answers