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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in digestion?
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in digestion?
What is another name for the digestive system?
What is another name for the digestive system?
What does the term "alimentary canal" refer to?
What does the term "alimentary canal" refer to?
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Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for secreting gastric juices?
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for secreting gastric juices?
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What is the function of the submucosa layer?
What is the function of the submucosa layer?
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What type of movement is responsible for propelling food through the digestive system?
What type of movement is responsible for propelling food through the digestive system?
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Which layer of the alimentary canal is found outside of the peritoneal cavity?
Which layer of the alimentary canal is found outside of the peritoneal cavity?
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What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
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Which term refers to the large intestine?
Which term refers to the large intestine?
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What is the primary function of the peritoneum?
What is the primary function of the peritoneum?
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What composes bile?
What composes bile?
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Which part of the stomach is not divided into further sections?
Which part of the stomach is not divided into further sections?
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What does the term enter/o relate to?
What does the term enter/o relate to?
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Which structure is responsible for emulsifying fats?
Which structure is responsible for emulsifying fats?
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What is the term for the lower esophageal sphincter?
What is the term for the lower esophageal sphincter?
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Which is the correct term for the rectum?
Which is the correct term for the rectum?
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Which structure is associated with the oral cavity?
Which structure is associated with the oral cavity?
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What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?
What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?
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Which salivary gland is located under the lower jaw?
Which salivary gland is located under the lower jaw?
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The tongue is associated with which root word?
The tongue is associated with which root word?
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Which of the following terms refers to the bile vessels?
Which of the following terms refers to the bile vessels?
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What does 'sial/o' refer to?
What does 'sial/o' refer to?
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Which part of the stomach is divided into the pyloric antrum?
Which part of the stomach is divided into the pyloric antrum?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Digestive System
- The digestive system provides nutrients to cells and body tissues through four processes: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
- The system is also referred to as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or the alimentary canal.
Layers of the Alimentary Canal
- The alimentary canal has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa/adventitia.
- Mucosa: secretes gastric juices, absorbs nutrients, and protects tissue through mucus production.
- Submucosa: holds blood, lymphatic, and nervous tissues that nourish, protect, and communicate.
- Muscularis: has muscles that contract and relax in a wavelike movement called peristalsis.
- Serosa/Adventitia: outermost layer that has different names depending on its location.
Mouth and Salivary Glands
- The oral cavity includes the mouth, lips, cheek, tongue, palate, upper and lower jaws, teeth, gums, and enamel.
- Salivary glands produce saliva, which breaks down carbohydrates.
- Types of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.
Pharynx and Esophagus
- The pharynx (throat) is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach.
Stomach
- The stomach is divided into three main sections: fundus, body, and pylorus.
- The pylorus has three parts: pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, and pyloric sphincter, which regulates the release of food into the small intestine.
Small and Large Intestines
- The small intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, where most nutrient absorption occurs.
- The large intestine, or colon, includes the cecum, appendix, and sigmoid colon, where water and electrolytes are absorbed.
Accessory Organs
- The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats, and is composed of bilirubin and cholesterol.
- The gallbladder stores bile.
- The pancreas has exocrine and endocrine functions, producing digestive enzymes and hormones.
Other Terms
- Jaundice: a condition caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the blood.
- Ankyloglossia: a condition where the frenulum is too short or tight.
- Frenotomy: a surgical procedure to cut the frenulum.
- Pyloromyotomy: a surgical procedure to cut the pyloric sphincter.
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Description
Learn about the essential processes of the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Understand how the GI tract works to provide nutrients to the body.
