Functions of the Digestive System and Peristalsis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How does peristalsis assist digestion?

  • By producing bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine.
  • By ensuring that food comes into contact with digestive enzymes and is moved towards the site of absorption. (correct)
  • By breaking down large food particles into smaller molecules for absorption.
  • By regulating the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

    • How does mechanical digestion differ from chemical digestion?

  • Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food into smaller pieces, whereas chemical digestion breaks down food into chemical compounds. (correct)
  • Chemical digestion involves physical movements, while mechanical digestion involves chemical reactions.
  • Mechanical digestion involves breaking down food into chemical building blocks.
  • Chemical digestion occurs in the mouth and stomach, while mechanical digestion occurs in the small intestine.

    • Where does starch digestion primarily begin?

  • Esophagus with the help of saliva
  • Stomach with the secretion of pepsin
  • Mouth with salivary amylase (correct)
  • Small intestine with the help of bile and pancreatic lipase

    • Protein digestion begins in the:

    <p>Stomach with pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lipid digestion, where does the breakdown primarily occur?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

    <p>Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides ;glucose, fructose, galactose; Lipids: Fatty acids and glycerol; Proteins: Amino acids; Nucleic acids: Nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors control digestive activity in the human body?

    <p>Hormonal signals and nervous system inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by deglutition?

    <p>The process of swallowing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the individual phases of swallowing?

    <p>Oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes play a major role in digestion?

    <p>Amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process moves food or material through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of swallowing is the bolus moved into the oropharynx?

    <p>Oral Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components make up a portal triad in the liver?

    <p>Portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pharyngeal-esophageal sphincter?

    <p>To prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing and food from refluxing into the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are brush border enzymes involved in the digestion of disaccharides?

    <p>Lactase, maltase, and sucrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are brush border enzymes involved in the digestion of peptides?

    <p>Peptidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate peristalsis from segmentation

    <p>Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction that moves food through the GI tract, while segmentation involves the contraction and relaxation of nonadjacent segments of the intestine to mix intestinal contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of the digestive system?

    <p>Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs are mainly involved in the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients?

    <p>Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs are considered accessory organs in the digestive system?

    <p>Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found lining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract ?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus, simple columnar epithelium in the stomach, and simple columnar epithelium in the intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of the oral cavity in the digestion process?

    <p>The oral cavity initiates the breakdown of food into smaller pieces through mechanical chewing, releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down carbohydrates, and begins the absorption of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures in the oral cavity are primarily involved in the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Salivary glands and teeth for mechanical digestion, and the tongue for absorption of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands secretes saliva through ducts into the oral cavity?

    <p>The stomach has three main regions: the fundus, body, and pylorus. The fundus expands to store food, the body is where most digestion occurs, and the pylorus regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the tonsils typically found in the human body?

    <p>In the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do enteroendocrine cells in the stomach mucosa primarily produce?

    <p>Hormones like gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does of chief cells in the stomach mucosa produce ?

    <p>Pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily produced by parietal cells in the stomach mucosa?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver?

    <p>Lesser omentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the structure of the small intestine and its various divisions?

    <p>The small intestine has three divisions: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is involved in initial digestion, the jejunum primarily absorbs nutrients, and the ileum further absorbs nutrients and bile salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major roles of the various divisions of the small intestine?

    <p>The duodenum is involved in chemical digestion, the jejunum primarily absorbs nutrients, and the ileum absorbs bile salts and certain vitamins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of digestion take place in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is the major site for digestion and absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the digestive system are water and salts primarily absorbed, and feces compacted?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structural modifications increases the surface area for absorption in the intestines?

    <p>Villi and Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine, and what are its various divisions?

    <p>The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and its divisions consist of the cecum, colon, and rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of the anus?

    <p>The anus is a sphincter muscle located at the end of the digestive tract, regulating the passage of feces out of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anus?

    <p>Regulation of fecal elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered accessory digestive organs?

    <p>Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of the accessory digestive organs?

    <p>The liver produces bile, the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dental formula for adults?

    <p>2.1.2.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dental formula for children?

    <p>2.1.0.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

    <p>Three pairs: Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes make up the liver?

    <p>Four lobes: Right, left, caudate, and quadrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic organization of liver lobules?

    <p>Hexagonal lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many portal areas or hepatic triads are there for each liver lobule?

    <p>Three portal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hepatic triads composed of?

    <p>Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures make up the portal triad?

    <p>Artery, vein, and bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three divisions of the larynx?

    <p>Epiglottis, glottis, vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the layers of the tissues of the GI tract?

    <p>Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the gastrointestinal tract, which layer is closest to the lumen and which layer is closer to the visceral peritoneum?

    <p>Mucosa; serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the larynx is involved in digestion?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the esophagus and its associated structures?

    <p>The esophagus serves as a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach, aided by structures such as the upper esophageal sphincter and lower esophageal sphincter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pharynx and its associated structures?

    <p>The pharynx functions in both digestion and respiration, as it serves as a passage for both food and air, while its associated structures, such as the uvula and epiglottis, prevent food from entering the airway during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are primarily involved in the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients?

    <p>Stomach, small intestine, and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the organs involved in the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients?

    <p>The stomach initiates digestion with enzymes and acid, the small intestine absorbs nutrients, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the digestion and absorption of lipids?

    <p>Lipids are digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies lipids, pancreatic lipase breaks them down into fatty acids and glycerol, and they are absorbed into intestinal cells as micelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are proteins digested and absorbed in the digestive system?

    <p>Proteins are primarily digested in the stomach by pepsin and absorbed in the small intestine as amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are saccharides digested and absorbed in the digestive system?

    <p>Saccharides are digested in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase and absorbed as monosaccharides into intestinal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the digestive system?

    <p>Mechanical breakdown of food, secretion of digestive enzymes, and absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

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