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Questions and Answers
What is the part of the large intestine that is connected to the small intestine by the ileocecal sphincter?
What is the name of the sphincter that connects the small intestine to the large intestine?
What is the part of the large intestine that consists of the ascending colon?
What is the small, worm-like structure located in the caecum?
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What is the name of the part of the large intestine that is divided into several parts?
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What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter?
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What is the purpose of the vermiform appendix?
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What is the anatomical division of the large intestine?
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Study Notes
Function of Digestive System
- Ingestion is the first process of taking food and liquid into the mouth.
- The Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and accessory organs secrete approximately 7 liters of water, acid, enzymes, and buffers into the lumen of GIT daily.
Mixing and Propulsion
- Involuntary contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles achieve mixing of food and secretion through peristalsis movement.
Digestion
- There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion (occurs in GIT organs) and chemical digestion (occurs through enzymes and secretions).
Absorption
- Digested substances are absorbed and pass into the blood and lymph.
Defecation
- Undigested substances, wastes, sloughed cells, and bacteria are expelled through the anus.
Gastric Juice Components
- Hydrochloric acid is secreted from parietal cells, providing an acidic medium and killing bacteria.
- Pepsin is secreted from chief cells for protein digestion.
- Mucus is secreted from epithelial cells.
Digestive Enzyme Secretion
- Enzymes help digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Absorption of water, electrolytes, metals, and nutrients occurs.
Large Intestine
Anatomy
- The large intestine is divided into the following parts:
- Caecum: connected to the small intestine by the ileocecal sphincter, with a small vermiform appendix.
- Colon: consisting of:
- Ascending colon.
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Description
Learn about the four main functions of the digestive system, including ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, and digestion. Understand the processes involved in mechanical and chemical digestion.
