30 Questions
How do antibodies help in fighting infections?
By binding to foreign antigens and helping to destroy or remove them
What is the main role of transport proteins like transferrin?
Transporting iron from the liver to the bone marrow
Which protein is responsible for safely transporting iron in the body?
Transferrin
What happens to iron uptake from transferrin?
Transferrin releases iron upon decrease in endosomal pH
Which type of cells produce antibodies in response to foreign antigens?
Specialized immune system cells
What is the consequence of iron not being bound by specific serum carriers or storage proteins?
It can interact viciously with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures
Which type of chromatography separates based on the net charge of a molecule?
Ion-exchange chromatography
In the naming of peptides, what happens to the names of all amino acids except tryptophan?
They are replaced with -yl
What is the name given to the amino acid at the far right of a peptide chain?
C-terminal amino acid
Which amino acid is an exception in terms of naming conventions for peptides?
Tryptophan
What chemical bond is formed between two amino acids during peptide bond formation?
Peptide bond
Which type of chromatography separates molecules based on their sizes?
Size-exclusion chromatography
What is the primary structure of a protein based on?
Covalent peptide bonds between amino acids
Which protein structure involves interactions between different amino acid side chains?
Tertiary structure
What is the primary function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates production of adrenal
Which hormone directly causes blood vessels to constrict?
Angiotensin II
In the lab, what is required for the hydrolysis of a peptide?
Acid or base, water, and heat
Which protein structure is concerned with the topological arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains?
Quaternary structure
What are the practical aspects of protein denaturation mentioned in the text?
Denaturation by heat and UV, use of heavy metal ions as antiseptics
How do heavy metal ions like Hg2+ and Pb2+ act when ingested in higher concentrations?
They precipitate proteins in body tissues
What is the role of egg white in treating heavy metal ion poisoning?
It forms a complex with the poison
How do organic compounds like soap and detergents interact with proteins?
By interacting with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of proteins
What happens to proteins when they interact with organic compounds like soap and aliphatic alcohol?
They undergo denaturation
What is the primary method used in the determination of amino acid sequence according to the text?
Hydrolysis by enzyme
Which enzyme cleaves peptide bonds at the amino end of aromatic amino acids and acidic amino acids?
Trypsin
What is the key reagent in Sanger's Method for identifying the N-terminus?
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Which amino acids are cleaved by pepsin at the amino end?
Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan
Which method allows one to determine the first 20 or so amino acids from the N-terminus sequentially one residue at a time?
Edman Degradation
Which enzyme cleaves on the carboxyl side of Gly and Ala?
Elastase
What type of amino acids are cleaved by thermolysin at the amino end?
Bulky nonpolar R group amino acids
Learn about the different functions of proteins, focusing on defense proteins such as antibodies which fight off foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, and transport proteins which help in moving molecules across the body.
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