Functions of Proteins: Defense and Transport

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How do antibodies help in fighting infections?

By carrying materials from one place to another

By synthesizing the heme group for hemoglobin

By binding to foreign antigens and helping to destroy or remove them (correct)

By interacting with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures

What is the main role of transport proteins like transferrin?

Binding iron from the liver to the bone marrow

Synthesizing iron

Transporting iron from the liver to the bone marrow (correct)

Producing antibodies

Which protein is responsible for safely transporting iron in the body?

Transferrin (correct)

Immunoglobulins

Hemoglobin

Transferrin receptor

What happens to iron uptake from transferrin?

Transferrin releases iron upon decrease in endosomal pH Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells produce antibodies in response to foreign antigens?

Specialized immune system cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of iron not being bound by specific serum carriers or storage proteins?

It can interact viciously with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatography separates based on the net charge of a molecule?

Ion-exchange chromatography Signup and view all the answers

In the naming of peptides, what happens to the names of all amino acids except tryptophan?

They are replaced with -yl Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the amino acid at the far right of a peptide chain?

C-terminal amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is an exception in terms of naming conventions for peptides?

Tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

What chemical bond is formed between two amino acids during peptide bond formation?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatography separates molecules based on their sizes?

Size-exclusion chromatography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein based on?

Covalent peptide bonds between amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which protein structure involves interactions between different amino acid side chains?

Tertiary structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Stimulates production of adrenal Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone directly causes blood vessels to constrict?

Angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

In the lab, what is required for the hydrolysis of a peptide?

Acid or base, water, and heat Signup and view all the answers

Which protein structure is concerned with the topological arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains?

Quaternary structure Signup and view all the answers

What are the practical aspects of protein denaturation mentioned in the text?

Denaturation by heat and UV, use of heavy metal ions as antiseptics Signup and view all the answers

How do heavy metal ions like Hg2+ and Pb2+ act when ingested in higher concentrations?

They precipitate proteins in body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of egg white in treating heavy metal ion poisoning?

It forms a complex with the poison Signup and view all the answers

How do organic compounds like soap and detergents interact with proteins?

By interacting with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins when they interact with organic compounds like soap and aliphatic alcohol?

They undergo denaturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in the determination of amino acid sequence according to the text?

Hydrolysis by enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves peptide bonds at the amino end of aromatic amino acids and acidic amino acids?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reagent in Sanger's Method for identifying the N-terminus?

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are cleaved by pepsin at the amino end?

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan Signup and view all the answers