Functions of Proteins: Defense and Transport
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Questions and Answers

How do antibodies help in fighting infections?

  • By carrying materials from one place to another
  • By synthesizing the heme group for hemoglobin
  • By binding to foreign antigens and helping to destroy or remove them (correct)
  • By interacting with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures
  • What is the main role of transport proteins like transferrin?

  • Binding iron from the liver to the bone marrow
  • Synthesizing iron
  • Transporting iron from the liver to the bone marrow (correct)
  • Producing antibodies
  • Which protein is responsible for safely transporting iron in the body?

  • Transferrin (correct)
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Hemoglobin
  • Transferrin receptor
  • What happens to iron uptake from transferrin?

    <p>Transferrin releases iron upon decrease in endosomal pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells produce antibodies in response to foreign antigens?

    <p>Specialized immune system cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of iron not being bound by specific serum carriers or storage proteins?

    <p>It can interact viciously with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatography separates based on the net charge of a molecule?

    <p>Ion-exchange chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the naming of peptides, what happens to the names of all amino acids except tryptophan?

    <p>They are replaced with -yl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the amino acid at the far right of a peptide chain?

    <p>C-terminal amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is an exception in terms of naming conventions for peptides?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical bond is formed between two amino acids during peptide bond formation?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatography separates molecules based on their sizes?

    <p>Size-exclusion chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein based on?

    <p>Covalent peptide bonds between amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein structure involves interactions between different amino acid side chains?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

    <p>Stimulates production of adrenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone directly causes blood vessels to constrict?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lab, what is required for the hydrolysis of a peptide?

    <p>Acid or base, water, and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein structure is concerned with the topological arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains?

    <p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the practical aspects of protein denaturation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Denaturation by heat and UV, use of heavy metal ions as antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heavy metal ions like Hg2+ and Pb2+ act when ingested in higher concentrations?

    <p>They precipitate proteins in body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of egg white in treating heavy metal ion poisoning?

    <p>It forms a complex with the poison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organic compounds like soap and detergents interact with proteins?

    <p>By interacting with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins when they interact with organic compounds like soap and aliphatic alcohol?

    <p>They undergo denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in the determination of amino acid sequence according to the text?

    <p>Hydrolysis by enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves peptide bonds at the amino end of aromatic amino acids and acidic amino acids?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key reagent in Sanger's Method for identifying the N-terminus?

    <p>1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are cleaved by pepsin at the amino end?

    <p>Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows one to determine the first 20 or so amino acids from the N-terminus sequentially one residue at a time?

    <p>Edman Degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves on the carboxyl side of Gly and Ala?

    <p>Elastase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amino acids are cleaved by thermolysin at the amino end?

    <p>Bulky nonpolar R group amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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