Functions of Proteins: Defense and Transport

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Questions and Answers

How do antibodies help in fighting infections?

  • By carrying materials from one place to another
  • By synthesizing the heme group for hemoglobin
  • By binding to foreign antigens and helping to destroy or remove them (correct)
  • By interacting with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures

What is the main role of transport proteins like transferrin?

  • Binding iron from the liver to the bone marrow
  • Synthesizing iron
  • Transporting iron from the liver to the bone marrow (correct)
  • Producing antibodies

Which protein is responsible for safely transporting iron in the body?

  • Transferrin (correct)
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Hemoglobin
  • Transferrin receptor

What happens to iron uptake from transferrin?

<p>Transferrin releases iron upon decrease in endosomal pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells produce antibodies in response to foreign antigens?

<p>Specialized immune system cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of iron not being bound by specific serum carriers or storage proteins?

<p>It can interact viciously with vascular, cellular, and subcellular structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatography separates based on the net charge of a molecule?

<p>Ion-exchange chromatography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the naming of peptides, what happens to the names of all amino acids except tryptophan?

<p>They are replaced with -yl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the amino acid at the far right of a peptide chain?

<p>C-terminal amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is an exception in terms of naming conventions for peptides?

<p>Tryptophan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical bond is formed between two amino acids during peptide bond formation?

<p>Peptide bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromatography separates molecules based on their sizes?

<p>Size-exclusion chromatography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein based on?

<p>Covalent peptide bonds between amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein structure involves interactions between different amino acid side chains?

<p>Tertiary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

<p>Stimulates production of adrenal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone directly causes blood vessels to constrict?

<p>Angiotensin II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lab, what is required for the hydrolysis of a peptide?

<p>Acid or base, water, and heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein structure is concerned with the topological arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains?

<p>Quaternary structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the practical aspects of protein denaturation mentioned in the text?

<p>Denaturation by heat and UV, use of heavy metal ions as antiseptics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do heavy metal ions like Hg2+ and Pb2+ act when ingested in higher concentrations?

<p>They precipitate proteins in body tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of egg white in treating heavy metal ion poisoning?

<p>It forms a complex with the poison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organic compounds like soap and detergents interact with proteins?

<p>By interacting with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins when they interact with organic compounds like soap and aliphatic alcohol?

<p>They undergo denaturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in the determination of amino acid sequence according to the text?

<p>Hydrolysis by enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves peptide bonds at the amino end of aromatic amino acids and acidic amino acids?

<p>Trypsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reagent in Sanger's Method for identifying the N-terminus?

<p>1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are cleaved by pepsin at the amino end?

<p>Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows one to determine the first 20 or so amino acids from the N-terminus sequentially one residue at a time?

<p>Edman Degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves on the carboxyl side of Gly and Ala?

<p>Elastase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of amino acids are cleaved by thermolysin at the amino end?

<p>Bulky nonpolar R group amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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