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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between denotation and connotation?
What is the main characteristic of Sign English (SE)?
Which type of Sign Language omits prefixes, suffixes, endings, and small words?
What is the function of Contact Signing in the context of Sign Language?
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Which term describes a set of objects that do not share the same energy or category?
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In sign language, what does fingerspelling involve?
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'American cowboy mythology' is an example of what semiotic concept?
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'Contact Signing' primarily aims at:
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What distinguishes Sign English (SE) from Contact Signing/Pidgin Sign English (PSE)?
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What does 'Initialization' refer to in Sign Language?
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Study Notes
Language Competence
- Grammatical Competence: knowledge of language code (syntax, vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, etc.)
- Sociolinguistic Competence: mastery of sociocultural code of language use (app. of vocabulary, register, politeness, style)
- Discourse Competence: ability to combine language structures into cohesive texts
- Strategic Competence: ability to compensate for breakdowns in conversation
- Illocutionary Competence: ability to identify speaker's intention
- Pragmatic Competence: functions of language (ideational, manipulative, heuristic, imaginative)
Language and Culture
- Anthropological Divine Origin: theory that language was given to humans by a divine being
- Charles Darwin: language born out of anguish
- Max Muller: "ding-dong" theory, language originated from sounds in the brain
- Bow-Wow Theory: first words imitated natural sounds
- Culture: system of behaviors and modes depending on unconsciousness
- Sapir and Whorf Hypothesis: language determines thought and perception, and vice versa
- Linguistic Relativity: languages convey different cultural meanings
- Linguistic Determinism: language influences thought and reality
Semiotics
- Denotation: dictionary meaning of a word
- Connotation: cultural and creative meaning of a word
- Ideology: set of ideas that shape a culture's expectations and goals
- Paradigm: set of objects belonging to the same category
- Syntagm: set of objects without the same energy
- Mythology: combination of paradigms and syntagms that make up a well-told story
- Semiotic Situation: interpreting surroundings and signs
- Sign Language: complete visual mode of communication, conveyed visually, composed of precise handshapes and movements
Language Functions
- Roman Jakobson's Functions of Language:
- Referential Function: conveying facts
- Expressive Function: conveying emotions and feelings
- Directive Function: controlling or requesting
- Phatic Function: using language for social purposes
- Metalingual Function: talking about language
- Halliday's Functions of Language:
- Instrumental Function: getting what you want
- Regulatory Function: controlling others' behavior
- Interactional Function: interacting with others
- Personal Function: expressing self-awareness
- Heuristic Function: exploring the environment
- Imaginative Function: creating an environment
- Informative Function: conveying new information
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Description
Test your knowledge on Roman Jakobson's Functions of Language, including referential, expressive, directive, phatic, and metalingual functions. Explore how language is used to convey facts, emotions, commands, small talk, and discuss language itself.
