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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main functions of gingival connective tissue?
Which supragingival fiber connects the cementum to the connective tissue of the gingiva?
What type of gingival connective tissue fiber runs mesiodistally along the dental arch linking teeth together?
What is typically indicated by a healthy depth of the gingival sulcus?
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Which of the following fibers encircle several teeth and link them together?
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How do supragingival fibers primarily contribute to the integrity of gingival tissues?
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Which fiber type connects the cementum of one tooth to another tooth over crestal bone?
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What is the primary role of the host response in relation to gingival connective tissue?
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Which layer of the oral epithelium is the deepest?
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What is the primary function of the junctional epithelium?
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How does the oral epithelium differ from the sulcular epithelium?
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Which structure is NOT a component of the gingiva?
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What characterizes the prickle cell layer of the oral epithelium?
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Which statement is true about attached gingiva?
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What is the mucogingival junction?
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What type of tissue primarily composes the gingival connective tissue?
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What structure primarily helps attach the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface?
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What is the function of the junctional epithelium's barrier?
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How many hemidesmosomes are found per micron at the coronal end of the junctional epithelium?
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Which type of junction connects two neighboring epithelial cells?
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What tissue type is known as the lamina propria?
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What is the primary role of the internal basal lamina?
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What component contributes to attaching gingival connective tissue to the alveolar bone?
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What is the term for the connection formed when epithelial cells attach to the basal lamina?
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What is the primary function of the junctional epithelium in relation to the tooth?
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Which characteristic differentiates the sulcular epithelium from the junctional epithelium?
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What is the length range of the junctional epithelium?
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Which layer cells in the junctional epithelium have the highest turnover rate?
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Why is the junctional epithelium important for dental health?
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What is the composition of the junctinal epithelium?
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What does the smooth interface between the sulcular epithelium and the connective tissue indicate?
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What is the primary component of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)?
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Study Notes
Functions of Gingival Connective Tissue
- The dense network of gingival connective tissue provides integrity and strength to the gingiva.
- Gingival connective tissue facilitates the transportation of water, nutrients, metabolites, and oxygen to and from individual connective tissue cells within its matrix.
- Gingival connective tissue plays a crucial role in the host response, including immune response, by providing a structural base for immune cells and facilitating their migration.
Supragingival Fibers
- Alveologingival (AG): Extends from the alveolar crest to the gingival connective tissue.
- Circular (C): These fibers form a ring around the tooth, coronally above the crestal bone.
- Dentogingival (DG): These fibers extend from the cementum of the tooth, fanning out into the gingival connective tissue.
- Periosteogingival (PG): These fibers fan out from the periosteum of the alveolar bone.
- Intergingival (IG): These fibers run in a mesiodistal direction along the entire dental arch, linking teeth together.
- Intercircular (IC): Encircle several teeth, linking teeth together.
- Interpapillary (IP): Located in the interdental papilla, connecting the oral and vestibular papillae.
- Transgingival (TG): Extend from cementum to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and run horizontally, linking teeth together.
- Transeptal (TS): Extend from the cementum of one tooth to the cementum of another tooth, passing over the crestal bone.
Oral Epithelium
- Covers the outer surface of the free gingiva and attached gingiva, stretching from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.
- It is the only part of the periodontium visible to the naked eye.
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Stratified squamous epithelium with layers:
- Basal cell layer
- Prickle cell layer
- Granular cell layer
- Keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)
- Joins the underlying connective tissue in a wavy pattern.
Sulcular Epithelium
- Lines the tooth surface inside the gingival sulcus, without direct contact with the tooth.
- Thin, nonkeratinized epithelium without rete pegs.
- It is semi-permeable, allowing fluid (gingival crevicular fluid - GCF) to flow between the gingival connective tissue and the sulcus.
Junctional Epithelium
- Stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium that attaches the gingiva to the tooth surface.
- Length: 0.71 - 1.35 mm.
- Cell thickness: 15-30 cells coronally, 4-5 cells apically.
- High cell turnover rate.
- Non-keratinized nature signifies a high cell turnover rate compared to keratinized tissue.
Junctional Epithelium: Importance and Origin
- Tooth-gingiva barrier: Prevents bacteria and other microorganisms from entering the underlying tissues.
- Attachment to the tooth surface: Essential for maintaining the integrity of the periodontium and preventing periodontal disease.
- Origin: Forms as a result of the eruption of the tooth, allowing the body to seal the gap between the tooth and the epithelial tissues.
Microscopic Anatomy of Junctional Epithelium
- Closely packed epithelial cells connected by desmosomes.
- Internal Basal Lamina: Thin layer of extracellular matrix between epithelial cells and the tooth surface.
- External Basal Lamina: Thin layer of extracellular matrix between the epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue.
- Attachment to the tooth surface is via hemidesmosomes and the internal basal lamina.
- Attachment to the connective tissue is via hemidesmosomes.
Cell Junctions
- Desmosome: Cell junction connecting two neighboring epithelial cells and their cytoskeletons.
- Hemidesmosome: Cell junction connecting the epithelial cells to the basal lamina.
Functions of Junctional Epithelium
- Attachment: Connects the gingiva firmly to the tooth surface.
- Barrier: Prevents penetration of bacteria and toxins from the oral cavity into the gingival connective tissue.
- Host defense: Regulates immune responses and provides a protective barrier against invading pathogens.
Gingival Connective Tissue (Lamina Propria)
- Provides solidity to the gingiva.
- Attaches the gingiva to the cementum of the root and the alveolar bone.
- Supports the vascular and nerve supply of the gingiva.
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