Questions and Answers
What is the average measurement of the supracrestal tissue attachment?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory nerve supply to the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following accurately describes the connective tissue attachment above the alveolar bone crest?
What does the nerve supply to the periodontium primarily respond to?
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Which condition is characterized by changes in the gingival plexus and nerve supply to surrounding tissues?
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Which of the following primarily facilitates the connection between cementum and alveolar bone?
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Which fiber group is NOT classified as a principal fiber group of the periodontal ligament?
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What is one of the key functions of the periodontal ligament?
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What is the average thickness of the periodontal ligament?
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What cellular process occurs in the periodontal ligament when altered forces are applied?
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What is the predominant cell type in the gingival connective tissue?
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Which of the following fibers connects the gingiva to the tooth?
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What role do macrophages play in gingival connective tissue?
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Which fiber type runs horizontally between adjacent teeth in the periodontal ligament?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the periodontal ligament?
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What percentage of the gingival connective tissue is comprised of collagen fibers?
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Which component is part of the alveolar process?
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Which clinical feature involves the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in periodontal ligaments?
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Study Notes
Gingival Connective Tissue (Lamina Propria)
- Connective tissue of the gingiva consists of two layers: papillary layer and reticular layer.
- Composition: 60% collagen fibers, 5% fibroblasts, and 35% vessels, nerves, and matrix.
Functions of Gingival Connective Tissue
- Protects and supports the junctional epithelium.
- Maintains the tone of attached gingiva.
- Shields the periodontal ligament.
- Houses nerves and blood supply.
Gingival Fiber Bundles
- Gingivodental fibers: Attach gingiva to tooth, embedded in cementum between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and bone crest.
- Circular fibers: Encircle each tooth within the free gingiva.
- Transseptal fibers: Horizontally connect adjacent teeth, embedded between cementums.
- Dentoperiosteal fibers: Run from cementum over the alveolar crest.
- Alveologingival fibers: Extend from the crest of the alveolar process to free gingiva.
Cellular Elements of the Connective Tissue
- Fibroblasts: Predominant cells that produce various fiber types and play a key role in wound healing.
- Mast cells: Involved in the early phase of inflammation.
- Macrophages: Crucial for host defense and repair.
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), lymphocytes, and plasma cells: Contribute to host defense.
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
- Connective tissue that surrounds the root of the tooth and connects it to alveolar bone.
- Continuous with connective tissue fibers of gingiva.
- Contains numerous gingival plexus anastomoses.
Nerve Supply and Lymphatic Drainage
- Follows pathways similar to blood vessels in the periodontium.
- Nerve supply derived from branches of the trigeminal nerve, responsible for pain and pressure sensation in periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingival connective tissue.
Supracrestal Tissue Attachment
- Connective tissue attachment occupies 1.07 mm above the crest of the alveolar bone.
- Junctional epithelium occupies an additional 0.97 mm above connective tissue attachment.
- Total average supracrestal tissue attachment is approximately 2.04 mm, ranging from 0.75 mm to 4.3 mm.
Sharpey's Fibers
- Connect cementum to alveolar bone.
- Comprised of five principal fiber groups: transseptal, alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, and apical fibers.
Functions of PDL
- Provides physical attachment of tooth (cementum) to alveolar bone.
- Absorbs impact from occlusal forces.
- Responsible for formation and resorption of cementum and bone.
- Performs sensory, nutritive, and metabolic transport functions.
Clinical Features of PDL
- Thickness varies from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm, with a mean of 0.2 mm.
- Thickest PDL occurs in the apical region.
Remodeling of PDL
- New collagen formation by fibroblasts and resorption of older collagen by fibroclasts.
- Bone resorption by osteoclasts when altered forces are applied.
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Description
This quiz explores the cleaning and antimicrobial properties related to gingival connective tissue, specifically the lamina propria. It covers the composition and functions of the connective tissue in the gingiva, emphasizing its protective and supportive roles.
