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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the esophagus?
Which of the following best describes the esophagus?
Where does iron absorption primarily occur?
Where does iron absorption primarily occur?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the upper gastrointestinal tract?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the upper gastrointestinal tract?
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract includes the anus according to some sources?
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract includes the anus according to some sources?
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What is the main function of the stomach?
What is the main function of the stomach?
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Which part of the digestive system is described as 'an entire organs that work together in a process known as digestion'?
Which part of the digestive system is described as 'an entire organs that work together in a process known as digestion'?
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Which of the following is NOT an accessory gland?
Which of the following is NOT an accessory gland?
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What is the main function of the digestive system?
What is the main function of the digestive system?
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What pH range in the stomach helps neutralize microorganisms?
What pH range in the stomach helps neutralize microorganisms?
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What percentage of feces' dry mass can be made up of bacteria?
What percentage of feces' dry mass can be made up of bacteria?
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How many different species of bacteria are estimated to live in the gut?
How many different species of bacteria are estimated to live in the gut?
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What function do health-enhancing intestinal bacteria of the gut flora NOT perform?
What function do health-enhancing intestinal bacteria of the gut flora NOT perform?
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What is gastroenteritis?
What is gastroenteritis?
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Which of the following is an exogenous infection?
Which of the following is an exogenous infection?
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What is ileitis?
What is ileitis?
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Which condition is an abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus?
Which condition is an abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus?
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What causes the yellow-orange coloration of the skin and eyes in jaundice?
What causes the yellow-orange coloration of the skin and eyes in jaundice?
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Which infection type originates from organisms that are part of the normal flora?
Which infection type originates from organisms that are part of the normal flora?
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Study Notes
Digestive System
- The digestive system is a collective of organs that work together to facilitate digestion.
- It consists of two parts: the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and the accessory glands.
Anatomy of the Digestive System
- The Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) is divided into the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts.
- The upper gastrointestinal tract includes:
- Oral cavity (Mouth)
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- The lower gastrointestinal tract includes:
- Most of the small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Illium)
- All of the large intestine
- Anus (according to some sources)
Accessory Glands
- The accessory glands consist of:
- Salivary gland
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gall bladder
Functions of Digestive System
- The digestive system is responsible for consuming and digesting foodstuffs, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste.
- The gastrointestinal tract is also a significant part of the immune system.
- The low pH of the stomach neutralizes many microorganisms.
- Health-enhancing intestinal bacteria of the gut flora serve to prevent the overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria in the gut.
Normal Gastrointestinal Microbiota (Normal Flora)
- Bacteria make up most of the flora in the colon and up to 60% of the dry mass of feces.
- There are between 300 and 1000 different species of bacteria living in the gut.
- Fungi and protozoa also make up a part of the gut flora.
- The microorganisms perform functions such as:
- Fermenting unused energy substrates
- Preventing growth of harmful, pathogenic bacteria
- Regulating the gut
Diseases of Digestive System
- Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the intestines.
- It occurs more frequently than any other disease of the intestines.
Classification of Infection in the Digestive System
- Infections in the digestive system are classified into two groups:
- Exogenous infections: pathogens that come into the body
- Endogenous infections: organisms that are part of the normal flora
Diseases
- Cancer: may occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract, including mouth, tongue, esophageal, stomach, and anal cancer.
- Inflammatory conditions:
- Ileitis: inflammation of the ileum
- Colitis: inflammation of the intestine
- Appendicitis: inflammation of the vermiform appendix
- Peptic ulcer: open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
- Anal fistula: abnormal, tube-like passageway near the anus
- Dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing
- Jaundice: yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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Description
This quiz covers the roles of the digestive system and its accessory glands, including consuming and digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste.
