Questions and Answers
What term is used for individuals involved in a communication scenario?
Which model emphasizes that communicators assume both the sender and receiver roles simultaneously?
Which type of barrier includes distractions from the environment such as noise or poor lighting?
Emotional noise in communication can be caused by what type of factors?
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What category of barriers can cause misunderstandings between parties using different languages or dialects?
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Which barrier relates to the receiver's background, values, and beliefs impacting communication?
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Which of the following is an example of an emotional barrier?
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What type of barrier includes the use of slang, jargon, or words with multiple meanings?
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What is a key characteristic of the Linear Model of Communication?
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What additional element does the Interactive Communication Model include compared to the Linear Model?
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Which model of communication emphasizes the social and cultural context of communication?
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In the context of the Interactive Model, what happens after the receiver decodes the message?
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What is a major criticism of the Linear Model of Communication?
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Which model was first conceptualized by Shannon and Weaver?
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According to the Transactional Model, communication serves what primary purpose?
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What best describes the process in the Interactive Model of Communication?
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What is the primary focus of a locutionary act?
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What does the term illocutionary act refer to?
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Which of the following best describes a perlocutionary act?
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Which of the following examples illustrates an illocutionary act?
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How does understanding speech acts enhance communication?
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What does punctuality in a meeting primarily indicate?
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Which function of communication is focused on sharing factual information?
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Which example best represents the Emotional Expression function of communication?
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What is the primary purpose of the Regulation/Control function in communication?
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How does communication serve a social function?
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Which function of communication is commonly used in marketing and public speaking?
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Vocalics or paralinguistics refers to which aspect of communication?
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What does the function of communication related to motivation seek to achieve?
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Which speech style is characterized by its use in private settings among family members?
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What is the primary purpose of an informative speech?
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Which type of speech is typically delivered in a formal setting and is characterized by one-way communication?
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During which type of speech delivery does the speaker use visual aids in a word-for-word manner?
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Which speech style features jargon or slang and is common among friends?
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What type of speech aims to persuade the audience to agree with the speaker's viewpoint?
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An extemporaneous speech is best described as:
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Which type of speech style occurs mostly in ceremonies and remains unchanged over time?
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Study Notes
Punctuality and Interest
- Punctuality in meetings reflects professionalism and sincerity.
- Spending time speaking with someone indicates strong interest.
Color Communication
- Colors universally convey messages based on cultural meanings and contexts.
Vocalics (Paralinguistics)
- Vocalics includes pitch, volume, and tone affecting message emphasis.
Functions of Communication
- Information: Communicates factual updates and knowledge (e.g., news reports, classroom explanations).
- Emotional Expression: Shares emotions and attitudes, crucial for connections (e.g., celebrations, artistic expressions).
- Regulation/Control: Guides behavior through instructions and commands (e.g., supervisors, doctors, parents).
- Social Interaction: Establishes relationships and community (e.g., casual conversations, colleague interactions).
- Motivation: Persuades changes in beliefs or behaviors, prevalent in marketing and public speaking (e.g., campaign speeches).
Models of Communication
- Linear Model: One-way process lacking feedback; includes elements like source, transmitter, channel, receiver, and destination (Shannon-Weaver Model introduced in 1949).
- Interactive Model: Two-way communication with feedback; roles of sender and receiver switch during the exchange.
- Transactional Model: Views communication as simultaneous role-playing by all participants, stressing relationship-building and cultural dynamics.
Strategies to Avoid Communication Breakdown
- Communication barriers can stem from internal and external factors, categorized as:
- Physical Barriers: Environmental disruptions (e.g., noise, poor conditions).
- Psychological Barriers: Attitudes and emotions affecting message clarity.
- Language/Semantic Barriers: Misunderstandings due to different dialects, jargon, or connotations.
- Socio-Cultural Barriers: Cultural differences impacting understanding and perception.
Mass Communication
- Encompasses communication through various media: television, radio, newspapers, internet, etc.
Types of Speech Style (Joos, 1968)
- Intimate: Private language shared among close family or individuals.
- Casual: Informal language with peers, including slang.
- Consultative: Professional language during interactions requiring mutual understanding (e.g., teacher-student).
- Formal: One-way communication in formal settings (e.g., speeches, official pronouncements).
- Frozen: Fixed expressions used in ceremonies (e.g., pledges, prayers).
Types of Speeches
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According to Purpose:
- Informative: Aims to educate (e.g., lectures).
- Persuasive: Seeks to convince (e.g., legal arguments).
- Entertainment: Intended to amuse (e.g., comedy).
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According to Delivery:
- Manuscript: Reads directly from a script (e.g., news anchor).
- Memorized: Recited from memory (e.g., actor's lines).
- Extemporaneous: Prepared yet conversational (e.g., campaign speeches).
- Impromptu: Unplanned speeches responding to queries.
Speech Acts
- Speech acts are utterances with intended effects such as requests, apologies, or invitations.
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Components of Speech Acts:
- Locutionary Act: Literal meaning of the utterance (e.g., stating it's hot).
- Illocutionary Act: Implied intention behind the utterance (e.g., requesting to open a window).
- Perlocutionary Act: Effect on the listener (e.g., listener reacts by opening a window).
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Description
Test your understanding of the various functions of communication, including aspects like punctuality, color meanings, and vocalics. This quiz delves into how different elements influence the conveyance of messages in interpersonal interactions.
