Functions and Unique Features of Cartilage
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cartilage in the trachea?

  • Shock absorber
  • Sliding
  • Growth of bones
  • Flexible support for soft tissues (correct)

Which type of cartilage is found in the growth plates of bones?

  • Hyaline (correct)
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
  • None of the above

What percentage of water makes up the matrix of cartilage?

  • 20%
  • 70% (correct)
  • 30%
  • 10%

What component is most abundant in the matrix of cartilage?

<p>Collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is described as a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

<p>Fibrocartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cartilage in joint surfaces?

<p>Sliding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?

<p>Synthesis and maintenance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is absent in the matrix of cartilage?

<p>Nerve cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which structure would you find elastic cartilage?

<p>Epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of perichondrium in cartilage?

<p>Vascular supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that makes cartilage firm yet resilient?

<p>High collagen content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue makes up the inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium?

<p>Chondrogenic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is most abundant in the glassy/slippery matrix of Hyaline Cartilage?

<p>Type II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found essentially all over the ribcage in a 9-week fetus?

<p>Hyaline Cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of matrix does Elastic Cartilage predominantly contain?

<p>Elastin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly found in the cartilage matrix?

<p>Territorial Matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?

<p>Proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cartilage are collagen type I fibers arranged parallel to the line of pull/stress?

<p>Fibrocartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of GAG's have anionic groups rendering them intensely hydrophilic?

<p>Sulfated GAG's (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix?

<p>Aid in lubrication and resilience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the location and arrangement of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage?

<p>Chondrocytes are arranged in isogenous groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are most prominent in fibrocartilage, providing it with tensile strength?

<p>Type I Collagen fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between elastic cartilage and articular cartilage?

<p>Presence of high elastin content in elastic cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?

<p>Higher regenerative potential in hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between osteoarthritis and classic inflammatory conditions?

<p>Inflammatory mediators are not involved in osteoarthritis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

<p>Osteophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key pathologic features observed in early osteoarthritis?

<p>Fissuring and clefting of the surface of cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

<p>Primary osteoarthritis is idiopathic while secondary osteoarthritis is related to age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is listed as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis?

<p>Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of changes are observed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in osteoarthritis?

<p>Proteoglycan degradation exceeds production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pathway involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

<p>Endothelial growth factor signaling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of osteoarthritis involves genetic and environmental factors leading to chondrocyte injury?

<p>Early changes of OA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the primary risk factors associated with developing osteoarthritis?

<p>Overweight and Obesity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis?

<p>Joint stiffness, Pain that worsens with activity, Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?

<p>Articular cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common treatments for patients with osteoarthritis?

<p>Physical therapy, Weight loss, Pain medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the intervertebral disk?

<p>Shock absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is most abundant in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

<p>Collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes elastic cartilage as the rarest among the three types of cartilage?

<p>Specific location in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the perichondrium in cartilage?

<p>Growth regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cartilage would you find a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

<p>Fibrocartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the matrix of elastic cartilage that contributes to its unique properties?

<p>Presence of elastin fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily accounts for the resilience and lubricating abilities of the cartilage matrix?

<p>Proteoglycan content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrocartilage from elastic and hyaline cartilage?

<p>'Parallel' collagen fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key component is mainly responsible for establishing the unique properties of cartilage?

<p>% Collagen in matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of chondrocytes in cartilage?

<p>Grouping into Isogenous nests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?

<p>Growth plate location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in cartilage's reliance on diffusion for nutrient supply?

<p>Avascular nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage exhibits a 'highly plastic' nature, being firm yet resilient?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is most widespread in the body?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the matrix of Elastic Cartilage?

<p>Contains elastin fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?

<p>Proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly located within the cartilage matrix?

<p>Interterritorial matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage?

<p>Matrix predominantly contains type II collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the perichondrium in relation to the cartilage?

<p>Maintain the integrity of the cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unique feature characterizes elastic cartilage found in specific body structures like the ear?

<p>'Bendable but firm' nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Territorial Basophilic' staining in the interterritorial matrix of articular cartilage is primarily due to what component?

<p>Sulfated GAG’s on Proteoglycans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of GAG's have anionic groups that make them intensely hydrophilic?

<p>Chondroitin sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would you find isogenous groups within cartilage tissue?

<p>Lacuna (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue serves as a provisional skeleton during embryonic/fetal development?

<p>Hyaline Cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that makes Hyaline Cartilage different from Elastic Cartilage?

<p>High regenerative potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

<p>Primary is age-related, while secondary is due to a previous joint injury. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with the development of osteoarthritis?

<p>Autoimmune disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

<p>Induce degradation of joint tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of osteoarthritis involves the loss of chondrocytes and cartilage, along with subchondral changes?

<p>Late changes phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the early pathologic features of osteoarthritis?

<p>Fissuring and clefting of cartilage surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In osteoarthritis, what contributes to the disordered repair of cartilage?

<p>Degeneration of cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key roles of proteases in the pathology of osteoarthritis?

<p>Degrading joint tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to composition changes in proteoglycans in osteoarthritis?

<p>Decreased production compared to degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factors are involved in other pathways contributing to osteoarthritis?

<p>FGF and Wnt signaling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?

<p>Articular cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves chondrocytes proliferating and releasing inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis?

<p>Early changes phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

<p>Elevated BMI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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