73 Questions
What is the main function of cartilage in the trachea?
Flexible support for soft tissues
Which type of cartilage is found in the growth plates of bones?
Hyaline
What percentage of water makes up the matrix of cartilage?
70%
What component is most abundant in the matrix of cartilage?
Collagen
Which type of cartilage is described as a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?
Fibrocartilage
What is the function of cartilage in joint surfaces?
Sliding
What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?
Synthesis and maintenance
Which component is absent in the matrix of cartilage?
Nerve cells
In which structure would you find elastic cartilage?
Epiglottis
What is the primary function of perichondrium in cartilage?
Vascular supply
What is a key feature that makes cartilage firm yet resilient?
High collagen content
What type of tissue makes up the inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium?
Chondrogenic cells
Which type of collagen is most abundant in the glassy/slippery matrix of Hyaline Cartilage?
Type II
What type of cartilage is found essentially all over the ribcage in a 9-week fetus?
Hyaline Cartilage
What type of matrix does Elastic Cartilage predominantly contain?
Elastin
Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly found in the cartilage matrix?
Territorial Matrix
What provides the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?
Proteoglycans
In which type of cartilage are collagen type I fibers arranged parallel to the line of pull/stress?
Fibrocartilage
What type of GAG's have anionic groups rendering them intensely hydrophilic?
Sulfated GAG's
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix?
Aid in lubrication and resilience
What characterizes the location and arrangement of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage?
Chondrocytes are arranged in isogenous groups.
What type of fibers are most prominent in fibrocartilage, providing it with tensile strength?
Type I Collagen fibers
What is the primary difference between elastic cartilage and articular cartilage?
Presence of high elastin content in elastic cartilage
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?
Higher regenerative potential in hyaline cartilage
What is the primary difference between osteoarthritis and classic inflammatory conditions?
Inflammatory mediators are not involved in osteoarthritis.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for osteoarthritis?
Osteophytes
What is one of the key pathologic features observed in early osteoarthritis?
Fissuring and clefting of the surface of cartilage
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?
Primary osteoarthritis is idiopathic while secondary osteoarthritis is related to age.
Which of the following is listed as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis?
Age
What type of changes are observed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in osteoarthritis?
Proteoglycan degradation exceeds production
Which of the following is NOT a pathway involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?
Endothelial growth factor signaling
Which phase of osteoarthritis involves genetic and environmental factors leading to chondrocyte injury?
Early changes of OA
What are some of the primary risk factors associated with developing osteoarthritis?
Overweight and Obesity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Genetics
What are some common symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis?
Joint stiffness, Pain that worsens with activity, Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes
What is one of the main structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?
Articular cartilage
What are some common treatments for patients with osteoarthritis?
Physical therapy, Weight loss, Pain medications
What is the primary function of cartilage in the intervertebral disk?
Shock absorption
Which component is most abundant in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Collagen
What distinguishes elastic cartilage as the rarest among the three types of cartilage?
Specific location in the body
What is the primary function of the perichondrium in cartilage?
Growth regulation
In which type of cartilage would you find a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?
Fibrocartilage
What characterizes the matrix of elastic cartilage that contributes to its unique properties?
Presence of elastin fibers
Which factor primarily accounts for the resilience and lubricating abilities of the cartilage matrix?
Proteoglycan content
What distinguishes fibrocartilage from elastic and hyaline cartilage?
'Parallel' collagen fibers
What key component is mainly responsible for establishing the unique properties of cartilage?
% Collagen in matrix
What is a significant characteristic of chondrocytes in cartilage?
Grouping into Isogenous nests
What primarily distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?
Growth plate location
What plays a crucial role in cartilage's reliance on diffusion for nutrient supply?
Avascular nature
Which type of cartilage exhibits a 'highly plastic' nature, being firm yet resilient?
Hyaline cartilage
Which type of cartilage is most widespread in the body?
Hyaline cartilage
What characterizes the matrix of Elastic Cartilage?
Contains elastin fibers
Which component is primarily responsible for the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?
Proteoglycans
Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly located within the cartilage matrix?
Interterritorial matrix
What distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage?
Matrix predominantly contains type II collagen
What is the primary function of the perichondrium in relation to the cartilage?
Maintain the integrity of the cartilage
Which unique feature characterizes elastic cartilage found in specific body structures like the ear?
'Bendable but firm' nature
'Territorial Basophilic' staining in the interterritorial matrix of articular cartilage is primarily due to what component?
Sulfated GAG’s on Proteoglycans
Which type of GAG's have anionic groups that make them intensely hydrophilic?
Chondroitin sulfate
Where would you find isogenous groups within cartilage tissue?
Lacuna
What tissue serves as a provisional skeleton during embryonic/fetal development?
Hyaline Cartilage
What is the primary characteristic that makes Hyaline Cartilage different from Elastic Cartilage?
High regenerative potential
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?
Primary is age-related, while secondary is due to a previous joint injury.
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with the development of osteoarthritis?
Autoimmune disorders
What is the role of proinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?
Induce degradation of joint tissues
Which phase of osteoarthritis involves the loss of chondrocytes and cartilage, along with subchondral changes?
Late changes phase
What characterizes the early pathologic features of osteoarthritis?
Fissuring and clefting of cartilage surface
In osteoarthritis, what contributes to the disordered repair of cartilage?
Degeneration of cartilage
What is one of the key roles of proteases in the pathology of osteoarthritis?
Degrading joint tissues
What leads to composition changes in proteoglycans in osteoarthritis?
Decreased production compared to degradation
Which growth factors are involved in other pathways contributing to osteoarthritis?
FGF and Wnt signaling
What is one of the primary structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?
Articular cartilage
Which phase involves chondrocytes proliferating and releasing inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis?
Early changes phase
What is one of the primary risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?
Elevated BMI
Explore the functions and unique features of cartilage, such as sliding in moveable joints, shock absorption, growth of bones, and flexible support for soft tissues. Learn about the specialized form of connective tissue, matrix composition, plasticity, and avascularity of cartilage.
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