Functions and Unique Features of Cartilage
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cartilage in the trachea?

  • Shock absorber
  • Sliding
  • Growth of bones
  • Flexible support for soft tissues (correct)

    • Which type of cartilage is found in the growth plates of bones?

  • Hyaline (correct)
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
  • None of the above

    • What percentage of water makes up the matrix of cartilage?

  • 20%
  • 70% (correct)
  • 30%
  • 10%

    • What component is most abundant in the matrix of cartilage?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is described as a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cartilage in joint surfaces?

    <p>Sliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Synthesis and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is absent in the matrix of cartilage?

    <p>Nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structure would you find elastic cartilage?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of perichondrium in cartilage?

    <p>Vascular supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that makes cartilage firm yet resilient?

    <p>High collagen content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue makes up the inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium?

    <p>Chondrogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is most abundant in the glassy/slippery matrix of Hyaline Cartilage?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is found essentially all over the ribcage in a 9-week fetus?

    <p>Hyaline Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of matrix does Elastic Cartilage predominantly contain?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly found in the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Territorial Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cartilage are collagen type I fibers arranged parallel to the line of pull/stress?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GAG's have anionic groups rendering them intensely hydrophilic?

    <p>Sulfated GAG's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Aid in lubrication and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the location and arrangement of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Chondrocytes are arranged in isogenous groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are most prominent in fibrocartilage, providing it with tensile strength?

    <p>Type I Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between elastic cartilage and articular cartilage?

    <p>Presence of high elastin content in elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?

    <p>Higher regenerative potential in hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between osteoarthritis and classic inflammatory conditions?

    <p>Inflammatory mediators are not involved in osteoarthritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Osteophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key pathologic features observed in early osteoarthritis?

    <p>Fissuring and clefting of the surface of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Primary osteoarthritis is idiopathic while secondary osteoarthritis is related to age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is listed as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of changes are observed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Proteoglycan degradation exceeds production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pathway involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Endothelial growth factor signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of osteoarthritis involves genetic and environmental factors leading to chondrocyte injury?

    <p>Early changes of OA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the primary risk factors associated with developing osteoarthritis?

    <p>Overweight and Obesity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis?

    <p>Joint stiffness, Pain that worsens with activity, Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common treatments for patients with osteoarthritis?

    <p>Physical therapy, Weight loss, Pain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cartilage in the intervertebral disk?

    <p>Shock absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is most abundant in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes elastic cartilage as the rarest among the three types of cartilage?

    <p>Specific location in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the perichondrium in cartilage?

    <p>Growth regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cartilage would you find a mixture of cartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the matrix of elastic cartilage that contributes to its unique properties?

    <p>Presence of elastin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily accounts for the resilience and lubricating abilities of the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Proteoglycan content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fibrocartilage from elastic and hyaline cartilage?

    <p>'Parallel' collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key component is mainly responsible for establishing the unique properties of cartilage?

    <p>% Collagen in matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Grouping into Isogenous nests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes hyaline cartilage from fibrocartilage?

    <p>Growth plate location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in cartilage's reliance on diffusion for nutrient supply?

    <p>Avascular nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage exhibits a 'highly plastic' nature, being firm yet resilient?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is most widespread in the body?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the matrix of Elastic Cartilage?

    <p>Contains elastin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the resilience and lubricating abilities in the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) mainly located within the cartilage matrix?

    <p>Interterritorial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage?

    <p>Matrix predominantly contains type II collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the perichondrium in relation to the cartilage?

    <p>Maintain the integrity of the cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unique feature characterizes elastic cartilage found in specific body structures like the ear?

    <p>'Bendable but firm' nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Territorial Basophilic' staining in the interterritorial matrix of articular cartilage is primarily due to what component?

    <p>Sulfated GAG’s on Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of GAG's have anionic groups that make them intensely hydrophilic?

    <p>Chondroitin sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you find isogenous groups within cartilage tissue?

    <p>Lacuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue serves as a provisional skeleton during embryonic/fetal development?

    <p>Hyaline Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that makes Hyaline Cartilage different from Elastic Cartilage?

    <p>High regenerative potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Primary is age-related, while secondary is due to a previous joint injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with the development of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Autoimmune disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Induce degradation of joint tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of osteoarthritis involves the loss of chondrocytes and cartilage, along with subchondral changes?

    <p>Late changes phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the early pathologic features of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Fissuring and clefting of cartilage surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osteoarthritis, what contributes to the disordered repair of cartilage?

    <p>Degeneration of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key roles of proteases in the pathology of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Degrading joint tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to composition changes in proteoglycans in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Decreased production compared to degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factors are involved in other pathways contributing to osteoarthritis?

    <p>FGF and Wnt signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary structural tissues affected by osteoarthritis?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves chondrocytes proliferating and releasing inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Early changes phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

    <p>Elevated BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

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