Functions and Structure of Bone
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

  • Support
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Digestion (correct)
  • Storage

    • Bone functions include protection of vital organs.

    True

    What is the process called by which blood cells are produced in the bones?

    Hematopoiesis

    One of the primary functions of bones is _____, allowing for movement and support.

    <p>leverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the functions of bone with their descriptions:

    <p>Support = Provides a framework for the body Protection = Shields internal organs Leverage = Facilitates movement Storage = Reserves minerals and fats Hematopoiesis = Produces blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'arthrology' refer to?

    <p>The study of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All joints have the same ability to move.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the junctions between bones called?

    <p>joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'arthro-' refers to _____ aspects related to joints.

    <p>joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Joints = Junctions between bones Arthro- = Prefix indicating relation to joints Arthrology = Study of joints Movement ability = Varying capability of joints to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cell type responsible for bone formation?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intercellular matrix of bone is primarily composed of collagen fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two minerals are primarily involved in the ossification process of bone?

    <p>Calcium and phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone tissue is composed of an intercellular matrix embedded with __________ and polysaccharides.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of bone with their descriptions:

    <p>Osteoblasts = Cells that form bone Hydroxyapatite = Mineral that hardens bone matrix Collagen fibers = Provide tensile strength to bone Ossification = Process of bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

    <p>To reduce friction and aid in movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The synovial membrane is found on the outer layer of the joint capsule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures stabilize synovial joints by connecting bones to bones?

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is a fluid-filled space between the surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint.

    <p>joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of a synovial joint with their functions:

    <p>Articular surfaces = Areas where bones rub together Articular cartilage = Reduces friction between bones Joint cavity = Space for synovial fluid Ligaments = Stabilize the joints by connecting bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the periosteum?

    <p>To cover the outer surfaces of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endosteum contains osteoblasts which aid in the healing of fractures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in both the periosteum and endosteum?

    <p>osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the fibrous membrane that covers the outer surfaces of bones.

    <p>periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of bone structure with their functions:

    <p>Periosteum = Covers outer surfaces and aids in healing Endosteum = Lines interior surfaces of bones and contains osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone structure is characterized by spicules arranged around spaces filled with bone marrow?

    <p>Cancellous Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compact bone is lighter in weight compared to cancellous bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naming convention for the systems of tightly packed cylinders found in compact bone?

    <p>Haversian Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of all bones is primarily made up of _____ bone.

    <p>compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics to the type of bone they describe:

    <p>Cancellous Bone = Light weight but very strong Compact Bone = Very heavy, dense &amp; strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for slight movement?

    <p>Cartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints are typically immovable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a fibrous joint?

    <p>Sutures between skull bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of joint that is freely movable and includes the stifle and elbow is called a ______ joint.

    <p>synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Fibrous = Immovable joints united by dense connective tissue Cartilaginous = Slightly movable joints with mild rocking motion Synovial = Freely movable joints with a fluid-filled cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are osteoblasts called once they are surrounded by the ossified matrix?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteoclasts are responsible for the buildup of bone and increasing its density.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteoclasts in the skeletal system?

    <p>Remodeling bone by removing unnecessary bone and regulating calcium levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteoblasts become __________ when they are embedded in the ossified matrix.

    <p>osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cells with their functions in bone remodeling:

    <p>Osteoblasts = Form new bone Osteocytes = Maintain bone tissue Osteoclasts = Resorb bone Calcium = Essential for bone health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type allows for movement in one plane?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ball-and-socket joint is found in the elbow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the bones involved in the pivot joint located in the leg.

    <p>Tibia and fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The humerus and _____ are the bones involved in the ball-and-socket joint at the shoulder.

    <p>scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the joint type with its description:

    <p>Hinge joint = Allows for movement in one plane Pivot joint = Allows for rotational movement Ball-and-socket joint = Allows for movement in multiple planes Saddle joint = Allows for angular movement in two planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synovial joint allows for rotational movement around a single axis?

    <p>Pivot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shoulder joint is an example of a hinge joint.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of synovial joint found in the elbow.

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ joint allows bones to slide over one another, such as in the carpus.

    <p>gliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of synovial joints with their examples:

    <p>Hinge = Elbow joint Gliding = Carpus Pivot = C1-C2 joint Ball and socket = Shoulder joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of Bone

    • Support: Provides structural framework for the body
    • Protection: Protects vital organs (e.g., skull protects brain, rib cage protects heart and lungs)
    • Leverage/Locomotion: Allows for movement through muscle attachment
    • Storage: Serves as a reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus
    • Hematopoiesis: Production of blood cells within the bone marrow

    Joints

    • Junctions between bones, varying in their ability to move
    • Arthrology is the study of joints

    Bone Structure

    • Composed of living cells (osteoblasts) in an intercellular matrix containing collagen fibers embedded in a ground substance of protein and polysaccharides.
    • The matrix is hardened through ossification, infiltrated by calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals.

    Bone Structures

    • Periosteum: Covers the outer surfaces of bones; contains osteoblasts enabling bone diameter growth and fracture healing
    • Endosteum: Lines the interior surfaces of bones, also containing osteoblasts

    Synovial Joints

    • Articular surfaces: Bone surfaces that rub together within the joints
    • Articular cartilage: Thin, smooth layer of hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces, facilitating movement and reducing friction
    • Joint cavity/Joint capsule: Fluid-filled space between joint surfaces enclosed by a fibrous capsule; inner layer is the synovial membrane
    • Ligaments: Bands of fibrous connective tissue stabilizing joints by connecting bones to bones

    Bone Structure

    • Cancellous bone (Spongy bone): Spicules (trabeculae) of bone arranged around spaces filled with bone marrow; lightweight but strong
    • Compact bone: Concentric layers of ossified matrix around a central haversian canal containing osteocytes between layers. Very heavy, dense and strong; forms the shafts of long bones and the outer layer of all bones

    Bone Cells

    • Osteoblasts: Bone-building cells within the ossified matrix, called osteocytes after ossification
    • Osteoclasts: Multinucleated cells working with osteoblasts to remodel bone by removing bone where it is not needed and allowing for calcium release when blood calcium levels need to be raised

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous (Synarthrosis) - immovable: Bones securely united by dense fibrous connective tissue (collagen). Example: Sutures between skull bones
    • Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) - slightly movable: Allows for mild rocking movement. Examples: Vertebral discs, pelvic and mandibular symphyses
    • Synovial (Diarthrosis) - freely movable: Examples: Stifle, elbow, shoulder, coxofemoral

    Types of Synovial Joints

    • Categorized by joint surface type and possible movements
    • Four basic types:
      • Hinge (ginglymus): Allows movement in one plane. Examples: Atlanto-occipital and elbow joints
      • Gliding (arthrodial): Allows for sliding movement. Example: Carpus
      • Pivot (trochoid): Allows for rotational movement. Example: C1-C2 (atlanto-axial)
      • Ball and socket (spheroidal): Allows for multi-planar movement. Examples: Shoulder and coxofemoral (hip) joints

    Types of Joints and Associated Bones

    • Hinge joint: Elbow; Humerus, Ulna
    • Pivot joint: Leg; Tibia, Fibula
    • Ball-and-socket joint: Shoulder; Humerus, Scapula

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    Description

    Explore the essential functions and structural components of bones in the human body. This quiz covers support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, and blood cell production, as well as the anatomy of joints and specific bone structures. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of osteology and arthrology.

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