Questions and Answers
What are the functions of proteins? (Select all that apply)
What percentage of protein intake is recommended for adults and children from age 2?
10-20%
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet.
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Non-essential amino acids are formed by the body.
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What are the effects of sarcopenia?
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Where are hormones produced?
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How are hormones transported in the body?
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What role do proteins play in maintaining fluid balance?
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What does the body primarily use as sources of energy?
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When does the body utilize protein as an energy source? (Select all that apply)
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What can happen with excessive protein consumption? (Select all that apply)
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Do athletes typically need protein supplements?
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Are digestive enzymes beneficial?
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What are limiting amino acids?
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What condition is characterized by a deficiency in proteins and energy in children under 2 years old?
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What condition is characterized by protein deficiency in children aged 1-3 years?
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Study Notes
Functions of Proteins
- Structural support, forming essential body structures like muscles and tissues.
- Act as enzymes, catalyzing biochemical reactions in the body.
- Hormonal role, regulating various physiological processes.
- Function as antibodies, defending against pathogens and infections.
- Maintain fluid balance, regulating the distribution of fluids in the body.
- Ensure acid-base balance, helping to stabilize pH levels.
- Act as channels and pumps, facilitating the movement of substances across cell membranes.
- Serve in transport, carrying nutrients and other molecules throughout the body.
Recommended Protein Intake
- For adults and children aged 2 and older: 10-20% of total daily calories should come from protein.
- For elderly individuals aged 65 and older: recommended intake is 15-20% of total daily calories.
Building Blocks of Proteins
- Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are essential for their function.
Essential Amino Acids
- Must be obtained from the diet as the body cannot synthesize them.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Can be synthesized by the body, meaning they do not need to be obtained from food sources.
Effects of Sarcopenia
- Leads to decreased muscle mass and strength.
- Results in impaired mobility and increased fall risk.
- Contributes to lower quality of life and increased hospitalization rates.
- Heightens mortality risk and can cause insulin resistance.
Hormone Production
- Hormones are produced in the endocrine glands and play critical roles in bodily functions.
Hormone Transport
- Hormones are transported through the bloodstream to target organs or tissues.
Antibodies and Proteins
- Antibodies target bacteria and viruses for destruction; insufficient protein intake results in lower antibody production.
Fluid Balance
- Proteins in the blood, especially albumin, help maintain fluid balance; protein deficiency may lead to abnormal fluid flow and edema.
Transport Proteins
- Lipoproteins transport fats, while transferrin and ferritin transport iron.
- Vitamin D-binding proteins and retinol-binding proteins play roles in vitamin transport.
Primary Energy Sources
- The body primarily uses carbohydrates and fats for energy.
Use of Proteins as Energy
- Proteins are utilized for energy during high intake, fasting, illness, a carbohydrate-poor diet, or prolonged exercise.
Complete Proteins
- Contain all essential amino acids and are primarily found in animal products and soy protein.
Incomplete Proteins
- Lack one or more essential amino acids, common in most plant proteins.
Complementary Proteins
- Occur when two incomplete proteins combine to provide all essential amino acids.
ketogenic Diet
- Involves high fat intake (70%) and very low carbohydrate consumption.
Risks of Excessive Protein Intake
- May negatively impact kidney function and lead to loss of minerals like calcium.
- Associated with childhood obesity and increased cancer or heart disease risks.
Protein Supplements for Athletes
- Most athletes achieve necessary protein levels through diet alone; supplements only beneficial if dietary intake is inadequate.
- Protein is developed from amino acids crucial for muscle growth, indirectly improving performance.
Benefits of Digestive Enzymes
- Digestive enzymes break down macromolecules into absorbable units; deficiencies can lead to food intolerances.
- Supplementation may cause side effects like abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea.
- Vital for effective nutrient absorption and overall health, especially in those with digestive disorders.
Limiting Amino Acids
- Refers to amino acids present in lower quantities in incomplete proteins, often found in plant sources.
Complementary Protein Sources
- Combinations of lentils, legumes, nuts, and dairy can form complete proteins when consumed together.
Marasmus
- A severe form of protein-energy malnutrition in children under 2 years, characterized by significant weight loss, loss of muscle and fat mass, and dry skin.
Kwashiorkor
- Protein deficiency affecting children aged 1-3 years, leading to weight loss and lack of appetite.
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Description
This quiz explores the diverse roles that proteins play in the body, including structural support, enzymatic functions, and hormone regulation. It also covers recommended protein intake for different age groups and the importance of amino acids as building blocks. Test your knowledge on how proteins contribute to health and bodily functions.
